Convective boundary mixing in a post-He core burning massive star model: Collapse and starlog data

The starlog data and collapse profiles from the publication, Convective boundary mixing in a post-He core burning massive star model.  The full directories including the MESA profiles can be found here: http://www.canfar.net/storage/list/nugrid/data/projects/Davis2019_CBM_M25</p

Are increasing volumes of children and young people presenting to Emergency Departments due to increasing severity of illness?

BACKGROUND: Increasing utilisation of Emergency and Acute Care services by children and young people is a worldwide trend. This is thought to be a result of parent and carer desire for more "on demand" health care assessment and not a consequence of increasing severity of disease. A bespoke acuity assessment system in our department allowed us to test this hypothesis. METHODS: This data is based on the Paediatric Observation Priority Score, a previously published and validated assessment tool designed specifically for Paediatric Emergency Care [1]. It is scored from 0-16 and consists of physiological, observational and historical components with a unique 'gut feeling' element. Data was available from November 2014 to March 2016. RESULTS: There has been a 32.6% increase in the number of children with a POPS>4 (Figure 1) with a small (non-significant) increase in relative acuity. CONCLUSION: In light of the overall total increase in attendances and relative increase in acuity it appears the general cohort of children presenting are more unwell. Given a POPS > 4 is associated with an increased risk of admission for more than 24 hours [1] it can also be concluded that a significant proportion of attendances to the department are 'appropriate'

Are increasing volumes of children and young people presenting to Emergency Departments due to increasing severity of illness?

BACKGROUND: Increasing utilisation of Emergency and Acute Care services by children and young people is a worldwide trend. This is thought to be a result of parent and carer desire for more "on demand" health care assessment and not a consequence of increasing severity of disease. A bespoke acuity assessment system in our department allowed us to test this hypothesis. METHODS: This data is based on the Paediatric Observation Priority Score, a previously published and validated assessment tool designed specifically for Paediatric Emergency Care [1]. It is scored from 0-16 and consists of physiological, observational and historical components with a unique 'gut feeling' element. Data was available from November 2014 to March 2016. RESULTS: There has been a 32.6% increase in the number of children with a POPS>4 (Figure 1) with a small (non-significant) increase in relative acuity. CONCLUSION: In light of the overall total increase in attendances and relative increase in acuity it appears the general cohort of children presenting are more unwell. Given a POPS > 4 is associated with an increased risk of admission for more than 24 hours [1] it can also be concluded that a significant proportion of attendances to the department are 'appropriate'

Early life malaria exposure and academic performance

<div><p>Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. It is also a dynamic contributor to poverty through its effects on children’s cognitive development. This paper examines the degree to which malaria in early childhood impacts on educational achievement in later childhood. The substantial decline in malaria in the region over recent years allows an assessment of its impact to be made. Focusing on Tanzania, we combine data from the Malaria Atlas Project and the 2010–2014 Uwezo household surveys (N = 246,325). We relate the district-level risk of malaria in a child’s year of birth to his/her performance in tests of acquired cognitive skills (literacy and numeracy). For causal identification, we rely on differences across districts in the pace of decline in malaria prevalence occurring over the last 15 years. We control for time-invariant district level, age, birth cohort and survey year effects, as well as district-level trends and individual and household-specific factors. In addition, we use sibling variation in birth-year exposure to malaria to strengthen our identification. A ten percentage-point decrease in malaria prevalence in birth year is associated with a 0.06 standard deviation (p = 0.000) increase in English literacy achievement. This estimate is comparable in magnitude to education intervention programs with very large effects. Our results are robust to a large number of sensitivity analyses. We find no statistically significant effects of birth-year malaria exposure on attainments in numeracy and Kiswahili, and we argue that this is probably attributable to strong ceiling effects in these test scores. We conclude that in Tanzania malaria is an important factor in geographical variation in English literacy. This indicates that malaria is a significant public health challenge to educational achievement in this country, and probably in other regions with malaria.</p></div

Estimates of the relation between test scores and birth-year PfPR.

<p>Estimates of the relation between test scores and birth-year PfPR.</p

Summary of district by birth cohort means, by PfPR category.

<p>Summary of district by birth cohort means, by PfPR category.</p

Developments in Plasmodium falciparum parasite rates for districts within regions of Tanzania, 2000–2015.

<p>Each graph represents a region, and each line a district within a region, with 2002 boundaries obtained from the Global Administrative Unit Layers initiative.</p

Robustness of English achievement.

<p>Robustness of English achievement.</p

The relation between average academic performance and birth-year PfPR.

<p>Note that test scores are averaged for individuals with birth-year PfPR falling within the same 0.1 interval.</p

Main results using only children aged 7 to 9 years.

<p>Main results using only children aged 7 to 9 years.</p