Tailoring AES for resource-constrained IoT devices

The internet of things (IoT) is a network of interconnected hardware, software, and many infrastructures that require cryptography solutions to provide security. IoT security is a critical concern, and it can be settled by using cryptographic algorithms such as advanced encryption standard (AES) for encryption and authentication. A fundamental component within the AES algorithm is the substitution box (S-box), which generates confusion and nonlinearity between plaintext and ciphertext, strengthening the process of security. This paper introduces a comparative analysis to offer valuable knowledge of the factors related to different S-box modifications, which will ultimately affect the design of cryptographic systems that use the AES algorithm. Then, a tailored AES algorithm is proposed for resource-constrained IoT devices by changing the standard S-box with another S-box. The new S-box reduces the rounds number and the time needed for the AES algorithm’s encryption, decryption, and key expansion. The performance of the proposed AES is assessed through various experiments. Therefore, our tailored AES with the new S-box is more secure and efficient than AES with a standard S-box

Analytical vision for gymnastics wear in Egypt

Abstract:The word gymnastics is derived from the Greek gymnos or gymnomeaning “to exercise naked or semi-naked”. Male athletes used to exercise and compete unclothed or partly unclothed. Therefore, women were prohibited from attending their trainings or competitions. If we tracked the history of gymnastics, we would find that it dates back to the pre-historical ages. This can be verified by the postures of hanging, and various movements like cartwheel, jumping, rolling, etc. in the present study, the researcher studies the history and development of gymnastics for the Greek, the Roman, in Middle Ages, the Renaissance, modern times and in Egypt.The sport of gymnastics is one of the essential sports. It contributes to preparing the players and upgrading their levels through exercises and movements on the apparatuses. Gymnastics is an indispensible sport for all the players whatever their sports activities were; for it develops the physical ability and skills, the mental abilities as well as the educational duties. It also addresses the health issues and develops sensibility. Types of Gymnastics like Artistic, rhythmic and acrobatic gymnastics, etc., were studied. Several trainers and scientists emerged all over the world and participated in the progress and development of the trainings of gymnastics and the invention of its different apparatuses. They are accredited with the establishment of different schools of training in different parts of the world in modern times, such as the Swedish, Danish, Soviet, etc.Given the importance and prevalence of gymnastics, several gymnastics outfit designer. These are pioneers in this field. This research studies a number of these designers like Alpha Factor, GK Gymnastic, Milano Leotards, Quatro Gymnastics and Moreau.A summary of the research Findings• Gymnastics outfits differ according to the kind of gymnastics played.• gymnastics outfit designer are keen on producing gymnastics wear due to the importance and prevalence of this sport.The Recommendations:• Paying attention to the study of the history &Gymnastics wear of the sport of gymnastics in the departments of clothes design at Arts Faculties. • Paying attention to the choice of the materials of the Gymnastics outfits and the suitable design given their influence on the player’s movement

A validated stability indicating HPLC method for determination of sitagliptin

A comparative and stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic study have been developed and validated for sitagliptin phosphate. The liquid chromatographic determination was achieved isocratically on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 × 4.6 mm, i.d.; particle size, 2.7 µm), Pursuit 5PFP (150 × 4.6 mm, i.d.; particle size, 5 µm) and Chromolith performance RP-18e (100 × 4.6 mm, i.d.; macropore diameter, 2 µm) columns using a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water:triethylamine:acetic acid (60:40:0.1:0.1; v:v:v:v), at a flow rate 0.5 mL/min and UV detection at 268 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range of 100-1000 µg/mL (r = 0.9998) with a limit of detection and quantitation of 10 and 30 µg/mL, respectively. All the validation parameters and stability indicating study were studied on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column, which achieved the best separation. The proposed method has been found to have the required accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity, and precision to assay sitagliptin phosphate in bulk form and in a pharmaceutical dosage form. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of sitagliptin phosphate that indicates that the assay are stability-indicating assay

A proposal for a production line for the design and implementation of quality clothing for gymnastics in A.R.E

Gymnastics wear needs multiple specifications in terms of material and the proportion ‎of elasticity, as well as the designs in terms of players' comfort and the movements of ‎this game .In this research, an empirical research study is conducted for gymnastics ‎wear to increase its productivity rate in the national market and what are the obstacles ‎facing this industry and how to develop it and reach the international. ‎Some people see the design of gymnastics wear is a secondary idea or an aesthetic ‎form, while others see it as the fulcrum of the ‎entire development process in relation to ‎the manufacturing process and the cost ‎of production.‎So this research is based on studying everything related to these clothes from the ‎materials available in the national market, as well as suggesting 50 designs and ‎making a questionnaire to identify the ten most suitable designs for gymnastics, and ‎then implementing these designs with nationally available materials and determining ‎appropriate production methods for gymnastics wear.‎A summary of the research Findings• The local fabrics have what is suitable for the production of gymnastics wear.‎• Determination the appropriate production methods for gymnastics clothing have ‎been identified in terms of cutting, knitting and embroideries.‎The Recommendations:‎• Paying attention to the study of the Gymnastics wear of the sport of gymnastics ‎in the departments of clothes design at Arts Faculties• Paying attention to the choice of the materials of the Gymnastics wear and the ‎suitable design given their influence on the player’s movemen

BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN

Objective: Biofilm formation by uropathogens on the surface of indwelling medical devices can inflict obstinate or recurring infection, thought-provoking antimicrobial therapy.  This study included 227 patients with indwelling urinary catheters and suffering from CAUTI. They were analyzed for biofilm formation and antibiogram susceptibility, 59.4% were males and 40.6% were females. Methods: Ensuing phenotypic identification of isolated bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following   the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2015) guidelines; Biofilm-forming uropathogens were detected by the tissue culture plate (TCA) method. Results: The predominant uropathogen in catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) was Escherichia coli 46.3%, followed by K. pneumoniae18.5%, P. aeruginosa 11.9%,7%, S. coagulase negative 5.7%, S. aureus 4.8%, Enterobacter spp. 4.4%, E. faecalis 1.3%.  The total rate of biofilm producer bacteria was 49.3% (21.1% high producers, 28.2% moderate producers). Prime biofilm producers were E. coli 60% with OR=8.6 (p=0.002), followed by K. pneumoniae 57.1% with OR=10.1 (p=0.002), and P. aeruginosa 37% with OR=6.6 (p=0.02). Gram-negative biofilm producers found 100%, 100%, 88.6%, 82.9%, 81.9%, 80.9%, and 72.4%, 40%, 33% resistant to ampicillin , amoxyclave, cotrimoxazole,  ceftraxone, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, nitrofurantoin and amikacin respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, a high antimicrobial resistance was observed in biofilm producers than non-biofilm producers. Of recommended antimicrobial therapies for CAUTIs, ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate were the least active antibiotics, whereas imipenem and amikacin were found as the most effectual for gram-negative biofilm producer. Likewise, penicillin and erythromycin were the least active antibiotics, whereas vancomycin, and rifampicin were found as the most effective antibiotic for Gram-positive biofilm producer.                                 Peer Review History: Received 8 October  2019;   Revised 6 November; Accepted 27 December; Available online 15 January 2020 Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected] Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected] Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Multilayered fresh amniotic membrane transplantation in resistant fungal corneal ulceration

Background: Resistant fungal keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness, particularly in resource-limited regions where donor tissue is scarce. Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) offers potential benefits through its anti-inflammatory, anti-proteolytic, and epithelialization-promoting effects. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of AMT for treatment-resistant fungal corneal ulcers. Methods: This prospective, single-arm study enrolled consecutive patients with microbiologically confirmed, treatment-resistant fungal corneal ulcers at Al-Azhar University Hospital, Damietta, between January 2022 and October 2023. All patients underwent standardized single- or double-layer AMT. Baseline and follow-up assessments included best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), ulcer size, anterior chamber reaction and depth, and presence of blepharospasm or pain (visual analog scale). Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline, 1 day, and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Treatment success was defined as complete resolution or significant improvement over 6 months. Results: A total of 24 patients (mean [standard deviation] age, 59 [7.5] years; 3:1 male-to-female ratio) with resistant fungal corneal ulcers were studied. Most were rural residents (n = 17, 70.8%), and nearly half were farmers (n = 11, 45.8%). Common comorbidities included hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The median baseline ulcer area was 3 mm²; most ulcers were central (n = 10, 41.7%) or paracentral (n = 8, 33.3%), and 12.5% (n = 3) had perforations. At 6 months, significant improvements were observed: median BCDVA improved from 3.0 logMAR to 2.0 logMAR (P = 0.001), ulcers completely closed (P = 0.001), and the pain score dropped from 2 to 0 (P = 0.001). Anterior chamber reaction and blepharospasm also improved significantly (both P = 0.001). Overall, 91.7% (n = 22) achieved complete resolution or marked improvement, and two patients required further surgery. The results showed progressive benefits throughout the follow-up period. Conclusions: AMT is a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for resistant fungal keratitis, particularly when corneal donors are scarce. The procedure promotes ulcer healing, relieves pain, and improves visual outcomes. Controlled trials are required to confirm these findings and refine patient selection

Association between radiotherapy and obstructive sleep apnea in head and neck cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: Our aim was to investigate association between OSA and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: On 9th of September 2018, we have searched 12 electronic databases to retrieve relevant studies. All eligible studies that assessed association between OSA and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients were included in our meta-analysis. Quality assessment of included studies was done using the NIH tools for cohort, cross-sectional and case series studies. Results: Fourteen studies met our study selection criteria, and six studies were eligible for our meta-analysis. There was no significant association between occurrence of OSA and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients (Odds ratio 1.54, 95% CI [0.66–3.60]; P = 0.322). Conclusion: These findings point to no significant association between OSA risk and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. We suggest more studies to be conducted to investigate any confounders that may influence the effect of radiotherapy on development of OSA in head and neck cancer patients.Auris Nasus Larynx, 48(6), pp.1126-1134; 2021journal articl