Obesity and Hypertension in Students of Jahangirnagar University: Alarming Issues

The prevalence of obesity and hypertension (HTN) in university students of Bangladesh has not reported yet. Considering the proper health maintenance of this population in mind, the study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and HTN as well as relationship among them in the students of a residential university of Bangladesh, Jahangirnagar University. This descriptive cross sectional study included 500 randomly selected students (250 males and 250 females). Participants completed a questionnaire on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary factors, smoking and family history of obesity, HTN, and coronary artery disease. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured following standard procedure. The Statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS.The prevalence of overweight was 25% (31.1% males, 15.6% females) and obesity 7.2% (9.4% males, 4% females). Pre-HTN was found at 27.1% (38% males, 11.2% females) and HTN at 2.2% (3.3% males, 0.4% females). A high rate of smoking, sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, excessive consumption of unhealthy food, and caffeine-rich drinks was also observed. Significant correlation was found between parameters of obesity and HTN. High prevalence of pre-HTN in males and central obesity in females were found which is immediately needed to control for better health maintenance of this population

Search For Higgs Pair Production in The Bbτ Τ Final State with The atlas Detector at The Large Hadron Collider

Abstract: This is a search for a Beyond Standard Model (BSM) heavy scalar in the ATLAS detector at 13 TeV center of mass energy using Run 2 data set recorded in 2018 with an integrated luminosity 58.5 fb^{-1}. The heavy scalar (X) decays to two Standard Model (SM) like light Higgs (H) bosons that decay into the bbtautau final state. Particularly, the semi-leptonic final state of two tau\u27s is considered in this search where one tau decays in leptonic final state and other to a hadronic final state. No evidence of a new scalar found, so upper limits are set on the cross-section times branching ratio of the X -\u3e HH -\u3e bbtautau process with 95% condence interval on heavy scalar (X) masses between 251 and 1000 GeV

Conciencia y prevalencia del estado nutricional de las estudiantes universitarias en términos de IMC y nivel de hemoglobina

Introduction: The WHO (World Health Organization) evaluate those 1.62 billion peoples worldwide, or 24.8% of the population, are affected with anemia in both developing and developed countries and specially age group 15-49.99 years non pregnant women are affected highest in number. Prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and maternal fatalities as a result of anemia are greater in India than would be expected given the country's population density. Since girls are particularly at danger due to menstrual cycles and nutritional deficiencies, it is important to raise consciousness and educate children, adolescents, undergraduates, and those approaching marriage in light of these worrying conditions. Boys are still susceptible to this issue. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and awareness of anemia especially female college students and also to compare anemia with nutritional status in terms of BMI (Body Mass Index). Methods: This cross‑sectional study was conducted among 211 female college students studying in Bhavan’s Tripura College of Science and Technology, west Tripura. After their written consent a general information regarding signs and different symptoms of anemia, and dietary habits was collected.  This study is carried out to measure the prevalence of anemia among college girls and to compare the level of hemoglobin with their nutritional status (BMI). Results: Prevalence of anemia is observed in study population is 78 (36.97%) students were suffering from anemia. On the basis of severity of anemic condition only 5 (2.37%) students had severe anemia, about 29 (13.74%) had moderate and 44 (20.85%) had mild anemia. Regarding Body Mass Index, 16 (7.58%) were underweight, while 21 (9.95%) were overweight and 8 (3.79%) were obese. In our present study there was a significant relationship was observed between hemoglobin levels and BMI. Conclusion: The overall findings of this research highlight that anemia can affect college girls who are a susceptible group unexpectedly suffering from deficiencies of nutrients. Thus, this study highlights the necessity for interventional plans at primary health‑care systems and awareness programmed in college’s girls for development in their nutritional status of anemic girls to diminish future complications.Introducción: La OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud) evalúa que 1.620 millones de personas en todo el mundo, o el 24,8% de la población, padecen anemia tanto en países en desarrollo como desarrollados, y especialmente el grupo de edad de 15 a 49,99 años, las mujeres no embarazadas son las más afectadas. La prevalencia de anemia durante el embarazo y las muertes maternas como resultado de la anemia son mayores en India de lo que se esperaría dada la densidad de población del país. Dado que las niñas están particularmente en peligro debido a los ciclos menstruales y las deficiencias nutricionales, es importante crear conciencia y educar a los niños, adolescentes, estudiantes universitarios y aquellos que se acercan al matrimonio a la luz de estas condiciones preocupantes. Los niños aún son susceptibles a este problema. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y el conocimiento de la anemia, especialmente en estudiantes universitarias, y también comparar la anemia con el estado nutricional en términos de IMC (Índice de Masa Corporal). Métodos: Este estudio transversal se realizó entre 211 estudiantes universitarias alojadas en Bhavan's Tripura College of Science and Technology, al oeste de Tripura. Después de su consentimiento por escrito, se recopiló información general sobre los signos y diferentes síntomas de anemia y los hábitos alimenticios. Este estudio se lleva a cabo para medir la prevalencia de anemia entre estudiantes universitarias y para comparar el nivel de hemoglobina con su estado nutricional (IMC). Resultados: La prevalencia de anemia observada en la población de estudio es de 78 (36.97%) estudiantes que padecían anemia. Sobre la base de la gravedad de la condición anémica, solo 5 (2.37%) estudiantes tenían anemia severa, alrededor de 29 (13.74%) tenían anemia moderada y 44 (20.85%) tenían anemia leve. Con respecto al índice de masa corporal, 16 (7.58%) tenían bajo peso, mientras que 21 (9.95%) tenían sobrepeso y 8 (3.79%) eran obesos. En nuestro estudio actual se observó una relación significativa entre los niveles de hemoglobina y el IMC. Conclusión: Los hallazgos generales de esta investigación resaltan que la anemia puede afectar a las estudiantes universitarias que son un grupo susceptible que inesperadamente sufre de deficiencias de nutrientes. Por lo tanto, este estudio destaca la necesidad de implementar planes de intervención en los sistemas de atención primaria de salud y programas de concientización para las estudiantes universitarias, con el fin de mejorar el estado nutricional de las niñas con anemia y así disminuir las complicaciones futura

DESIGN AND CHARACTERISATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF PHENFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: In present work was designed to develop suitable transdermal matrix patches of Phenformin hydrochloride using various hydrophilic (HPMC) and hydrophobic (EUDRAGID) polymers as matrix formers.Methods: Transdermal patches containing Phenformin hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent casting evaporation technique.Results: Revealed that prepared patches showed good physical characteristics, no drug-polymer interaction and no skin irritation was observed. The in vitro release study revealed that F3 formulation showed maximum release in 24 h. Formulation F3 was subjected for accelerated stability studies. The F3 formulation was found to be stable as there was no drastic change in the Physico-chemical properties of the patches, which was also confirmed by FTIR.Conclusion: Thus conclusion can be made that stable transdermal patches of Phenformin hydrochloride has been developed. F1, F2, F3, F4 formulations showed highest cumulative percentage drug release of 98.13%, 95.50%, 98.65%, 97.21% were obtained during in vitro drug release studies after 24 h. The release of Phenformin hydrochloride appears to be dependent on lipophilicity of the matrix. Moderately lipophillic matrices showed best release. The predominant release mechanism of drug through the fabricated matrices was believed to be by diffusion mechanism. Based upon the in vitro dissolution data the F3 formulation was concluded as optimized formulation

The Process of Building Inter-organizational Collaboration for Industrial Symbiosis : Two cases from Finland: ECO3 & Envitech

The present situation of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion encouraged researchers to find new ways of integrating sustainability in industrial activities. The concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) has the potential to fight these challenges by creating linkages among co-located industrial actors. In this system, the waste of one actor is considered a resource for another, and share common utilities for operations. The concept has been practically implemented in many countries to introduce resource-efficient operations. Therefore, this research aims to identify the collaboration process development toward the IS system while mapping the ecosystem actors and diverse driving or inhibiting factors. To seek answers for the research questions, a qualitative multiple case study analysis on two nationally significant IS cases from Finland was conducted. The primary data sources for both of the case studies were direct interviews with the specified ecosystem actors. The interview data were transcribed, systematically grouped, and analyzed by following the research theme. The secondary data were multi-sourced from company webpages, thesis, reports, book chapter, and authenticity of some secondary data were double-checked during the inter-views. Data-driven thematic analysis was implemented to group the researched data on each case, with the identification of critical incidents during the IS evolution phases, followed by an ecosystem actor mapping through Kumu software and outlining the factors impacting the IS system. Lastly, a case comparison by defining dimensions under the researched themes was performed to define the distinctive pattern of both cases. The key findings indicate that organization of the IS system can be categorized as a “publicly driven” or “company driven” model. Nevertheless, both models encompass the emergence, probation, and development & expansion phases of the IS evolution process with diverse activities organized by the ecosystem actors. A publicly driven IS model is mainly inaugurated by the local governments and the process advances as a planned symbiosis model. The company driven IS model mainly progresses through the spontaneous participation of local company actors based on their own need. The publicly driven IS model functions through a central operator while the individual company actors are the key decision taker of the company driven model without any centralized approach. The organization of activities in both cases is impacted by a similar set of driving or inhibiting factors like legislation, location, changes in people’s attitudes, and the main driving element is a human actor. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of IS process development by looking into critical cases from processual dimensions. The investigator suggests that the successful evolution of an IS system will require active collaboration and co-operation from public organizations and private company actors. A co-operative mindset among all the stakeholders can be established by developing a shared vision and will require a platform company to centrally organize the IS system development. The company actors need to be more open, while a change in attitude and new legislation is highly required to encourage bio and circular economy businesses through IS

Salicin in modern drug discovery: A comprehensive review of pharmacokinetics, ethnopharmacology, and clinical applications

Background: Salicin, a prominent phenolic glycoside derived from Salix species, has traditionally been used to manage pain and inflammatory conditions. Despite its long-standing ethnomedicinal use, comprehensive knowledge regarding its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, analytical characterization, and clinical potential remains limited. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on salicin, encompassing its botanical sources, ethnopharmacological relevance, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, analytical methodologies, and clinical evidence. Methods: A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies reporting on salicin’s chemistry, traditional uses, pharmacological mechanisms, bioavailability, analytical profiling, and clinical trials were included. Relevant data were critically appraised and synthesized to provide an integrated overview. Results and Findings: Salix species are the primary sources of salicin, and ethnomedicinal evidence supports their use for musculoskeletal and inflammatory disorders. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that formulation and gut microbiota significantly influence bioavailability, with rapid hydrolysis to saligenin followed by metabolism to salicylic acid. Advances in analytical methods, including spectroscopic techniques, LC-MS, and HPLC, enable precise quantification and standardization. Although large-scale, long-term trials are lacking, existing clinical studies demonstrate notable anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects with a favourable safety profile. Conclusion: Salicin holds considerable therapeutic promise, bridging traditional knowledge and modern pharmacology. Future studies should improve bioavailability, standardize analyses, and conduct robust clinical trials to confirm dosing, efficacy, and safety

The Process of Building Inter-organizational Collaboration for Industrial Symbiosis : Two cases from Finland: ECO3 & Envitech

The present situation of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion encouraged researchers to find new ways of integrating sustainability in industrial activities. The concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) has the potential to fight these challenges by creating linkages among co-located industrial actors. In this system, the waste of one actor is considered a resource for another, and share common utilities for operations. The concept has been practically implemented in many countries to introduce resource-efficient operations. Therefore, this research aims to identify the collaboration process development toward the IS system while mapping the ecosystem actors and diverse driving or inhibiting factors. To seek answers for the research questions, a qualitative multiple case study analysis on two nationally significant IS cases from Finland was conducted. The primary data sources for both of the case studies were direct interviews with the specified ecosystem actors. The interview data were transcribed, systematically grouped, and analyzed by following the research theme. The secondary data were multi-sourced from company webpages, thesis, reports, book chapter, and authenticity of some secondary data were double-checked during the inter-views. Data-driven thematic analysis was implemented to group the researched data on each case, with the identification of critical incidents during the IS evolution phases, followed by an ecosystem actor mapping through Kumu software and outlining the factors impacting the IS system. Lastly, a case comparison by defining dimensions under the researched themes was performed to define the distinctive pattern of both cases. The key findings indicate that organization of the IS system can be categorized as a “publicly driven” or “company driven” model. Nevertheless, both models encompass the emergence, probation, and development & expansion phases of the IS evolution process with diverse activities organized by the ecosystem actors. A publicly driven IS model is mainly inaugurated by the local governments and the process advances as a planned symbiosis model. The company driven IS model mainly progresses through the spontaneous participation of local company actors based on their own need. The publicly driven IS model functions through a central operator while the individual company actors are the key decision taker of the company driven model without any centralized approach. The organization of activities in both cases is impacted by a similar set of driving or inhibiting factors like legislation, location, changes in people’s attitudes, and the main driving element is a human actor. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of IS process development by looking into critical cases from processual dimensions. The investigator suggests that the successful evolution of an IS system will require active collaboration and co-operation from public organizations and private company actors. A co-operative mindset among all the stakeholders can be established by developing a shared vision and will require a platform company to centrally organize the IS system development. The company actors need to be more open, while a change in attitude and new legislation is highly required to encourage bio and circular economy businesses through IS

SUBLINGUAL DRUG DELIVERY: AN INDICATION OF POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE ROUTE

Sublingual literally meaning is under the tongueâ€, refers to a method of administrating substance via mouth in such a way that the substance is rapidly absorbed via blood vessels under tongue. Sublingual route is a useful when rapid onset of action is desired with better patient compliance than orally ingested tablets. Drugs that are given sublingually reach directly in to the systemic circulation through the ventral surface of the tongue and floor of the mouth. The portion of drug absorbed through the sublingual blood vessels bypasses the hepatic firstâ€pass metabolic processes giving acceptable bioavailability. As nowadays most of the people need effective relief within a short period of time so sublingual is the most suitable form of administration. New sublingual technologies address many pharmaceutical and patient needs, ranging from enhanced lifeâ€cycle management to convenient dosing for paediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients with dysphagia

FAST DISSOLVING TABLET USING SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE: A REVIEW

Fast dissolving tablets are also called as mouth-dissolving tablets, melt-in mouth tablets, orodispersible tablets, quick dissolving etc. Fast dissolving tablets are those when put on tongue disintegrate instantaneously releasing the drug, which dissolve or disperses in the saliva. The faster the drug dissolved into solution, quicker the absorption and onset of clinical effect. Oral routes of drug administration have wide acceptance up to 50-60% of total dosage forms. Fast dissolving tablet containing solid dispersion was developed to improve the dissolution of drug and stability of solid dispersion. They are disintegrating and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Thus it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. The later part of the article focus on the progress in methods of manufacturing, evaluation and various latest technologies involved in the development of Fast dissolving tablets. Solid dispersion is basically a drug–polymer two-component system; the drug–polymer interaction is the determining factor in its design and performance. It also discusses about modern characterization technique to characterize solid dispersion. In this review, it is intended to discuss the recent advances related on the area of solid dispersion technology. Different methods are also been used for preparation of solid dispersions such as Melting method, Solvent method, Melting solvent method, Melt extrusion method, lyophilisation Technique, Melt Agglomeration Process, The Use Of Surfactant, Electro spinning and Super Critical Fluid Technology. The introduction of fast dissolving dosage forms has solved some of the problems encountered in administration of drugs to the pediatric and elderly patient, which constitutes a large proportion of the world's population. Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence the bio availability of a range of poorly water-soluble drugs. The focus of one part of the review article is based on solid dispersion mainly advantages, disadvantages, types, the method of preparation, and characterization of the solid dispersion at laboratory and industrial level

Application of T Gates for Anti-concentration in Clifford Circuits

Our study examines the integration of non-Clifford T gates into randomly generated Clifford circuits to enhance their universal unitary capacity. We investigate the impact of T gates on circuit output randomness, focusing on generating random Clifford circuits and analyzing the effects of T gates. Through simulations and analysis, we assess the effectiveness of this modification in achieving outputs consistent with Anti concentration properties while minimizing the required number of Clifford gates. Our findings provide valuable insights into quantum circuits, with implications for quantum computing applications