Menggagas Tolok Ukur Pendelegasian Pengaturan Lanjutan dari Undang-Undang terhadap Peraturan-Peraturan Presiden

The lack of clarity regarding the relationship between position and content material for government regulations and presidential regulations can be seen in the provisions of Article 12 and Article 13 of Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Formation of Legislation. From these provisions it can be seen that the material content of presidential regulations is broader than the content material of government regulations. From the explanation regarding the contents of government regulations and presidential regulations, it does not explicitly delegate further arrangements, there are no benchmarks for using government regulations or presidential regulations. This means that in this condition there is a similarity in the content of government regulations and presidential regulations. This research was conducted using a juridical-normative approach, research with reference to juridical aspects. This method is carried out through literature studies on various literature related to legal theories and principles. The results of this study indicate that there are inconsistencies in the position of presidential regulations, especially when juxtaposed with government regulations when viewed from the perspective of the material content. ___ Referensi Buku dengan penulis: Asshiddiqie, Jimly. (2014). Perihal Undang-Undang. Depok: Rajagrafindo Persada. Astawa, I Gede Pantja., dan Na’a, Suprin. (2012). Dinamika Hukum dan Ilmu Perundang-Undangan. Bandung: Alumni. Philipus M. Hadjon, dkk. (1993). Pengantar Hukum Administrasi Indonesia (Introduction to the Indonesian Administrative Law). Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Soekanto, Soerjono., dan Mamudji, Sri. (2001). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: PT Radja Grafindo Persada. Soiman. (2020). Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan Negara di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: UII Press. Artikel jurnal: Abdullah, A. G. (2018). Pengantar Memahami Undang-Undang Tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 1(2), 1-10. Adhayanto, O. (2014). Perkembangan Sistem Hukum Nasional. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 5(2), 163-171. Aditya, Z. F., & Winata, M. R. (2018). Rekonstruksi Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia (Reconstruction of the Hierarchy of Legislation in Indonesia). Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan, 9(1), 79-100. Busthami, D. (2017). Kekuasaan Kehakiman Dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum di Indonesia. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 46(4), 336-342. Hadinatha, M. F. (2022). Penataan Materi Muatan Peraturan Pemerintah dan Peraturan Presiden dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 19(2), 133-147. Husen, A. (2019). Eksistensi Peraturan Presiden dalam Sistem Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Lex Scientia Law Review, 3(1), 69-78. Muntoha, M. (2016). Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Hukum. Madaniyah, 6(1), 90-107. Siswanto, H. (2011). Memaksimalkan Prolegnas dan Prolegda dalam Politik Hukum Nasional (Politik Hukum Penanggulangan Kejahatan Perdagangan Orang di Era Globalisasi). Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 5(2). 190-208. Tutik, T. T. (2013). Analisis Kedudukan dan Status Hukum Ketetapan MPR RI Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 20(1), 1-20

Rasio Pasar, Profitabilitas Dan Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur Periode 2019-2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio pasar (Price Earning Ratio, Earning Per Share) dan profitabilitas (Return On Asset, Return On Equity) Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Return Saham). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Purposive sampling. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2019-2022 dengan sampel 23 perusahaan. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, pengujian dengan regresi berganda dan pengujian hipotesis. Metode analisis menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, Price Earning Ratio, Earning Per Share, Return On Equity tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham sedangkan Return On Asset berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap return saham. Kemudian secara simultan Price Earning Ratio, Earning Per Share, Return On Asset, Return On Equity berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap return saham

Health education module based on information–motivation–behavioural skills (imb) for reducing depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in boarding schools: a clustered randomised controlled trial

Depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among adolescents have become a public health concern. The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and measure an IMB-based health education intervention module for reducing DAS among adolescents in boarding schools in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. A single-blinded cluster randomised control trial (RCT) was conducted among students with abnormal DASS-21 scores. They were divided into an intervention group (three schools, 62 participants) and a control group (three schools, 57 participants). Participants in the intervention group received IMB-based health education, while participants in the control group underwent the standard care session. To determine the effectiveness of the intervention, the Generalised Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis was conducted. A total of 119 students participated in this study, and no loss to follow-up was reported. Both intervention and control groups showed significantly reduced DAS scores (p < 0.005). However, the reduction of these scores was greater in the intervention group. The GLMM analysis revealed that the intervention was effective in reducing depression (ß = −2.400, t = −3.102, SE = 0.7735, p = 0.002, 95% CI = −3.921, −0.878), anxiety (ß = −2.129, t = −2.824, SE = 0.7541, p = 0.005, 95% CI = −3.612, −0.646), and stress (ß = −1.335, t = −2.457, SE = 0.536, p = 0.015, 95% CI = −2.045, −0.266) among adolescents. The IMB-based health education module was effective in reducing DAS among adolescents in boarding schools

Implication Extradisi, Mutual Legal Assistance (UNODC) Dikaitkan Teori Pidana, Perjanjian Internasional

Extradition agreements based on the international resolution A/RES/45/166 68th Plenary meeting on 14 December 1990 in conjunction with A/RES/52/88 70th Plenary meeting on December 12, 1997 for making extradition treaties and mutual legal assistance internationally.This  propose the problem identification as follows: 1. What are the important articles suggested in the extradition treaty and mutual legal assistance related to criminal theory and international treaties. 2. How is the application and implementation of the extradition and mutual legal assistance based on the national and regional especially In Indonesia.This research conducted is analytical descriptive. Here is the research results, as follows: 1.) Important articles suggested in the extradition treaty are the principle of nebis in idem, the principle of multiple crimes and the diplomatic principle and the mutual legal assistance is the principle of agreement, the principle of reciprocity, the principle of equality of crimes, the principle of territoriality and the principle of surrendering the perpetrators of political crimes. 2) The implementation of extradition treaty model and the mutual legal assistance from the national and regional legal aspects. Based on the regional aspect, Indonesia is the most active country in realizing a cooperation within an agreement

Health education module based on Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) for reducing depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in boarding schools: a clustered randomised controlled trial

Depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among adolescents have become a public health concern. The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and measure an IMB-based health education intervention module for reducing DAS among adolescents in boarding schools in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. A single-blinded cluster randomised control trial (RCT) was conducted among students with abnormal DASS-21 scores. They were divided into an intervention group (three schools, 62 participants) and a control group (three schools, 57 participants). Participants in the intervention group received IMB-based health education, while participants in the control group underwent the standard care session. To determine the effectiveness of the intervention, the Generalised Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis was conducted. A total of 119 students participated in this study, and no loss to follow-up was reported. Both intervention and control groups showed significantly reduced DAS scores (p < 0.005). However, the reduction of these scores was greater in the intervention group. The GLMM analysis revealed that the intervention was effective in reducing depression (ß = −2.400, t = −3.102, SE = 0.7735, p = 0.002, 95% CI = −3.921, −0.878), anxiety (ß = −2.129, t = −2.824, SE = 0.7541, p = 0.005, 95% CI = −3.612, −0.646), and stress (ß = −1.335, t = −2.457, SE = 0.536, p = 0.015, 95% CI = −2.045, −0.266) among adolescents. The IMB-based health education module was effective in reducing DAS among adolescents in boarding schools

Seroprevalence of diphtheria toxoid IgG antibodies in the Malaysian population

Abstract Background Despite high childhood immunization coverage, sporadic cases of diphtheria have been reported in Malaysia in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of diphtheria among the Malaysian population. Methods A total of 3317 respondents age 2 years old to 60 years old were recruited in this study from August to November 2017. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the level of IgG antibody against the toxoid of C. diphtheriae in the blood samples of respondents. We classified respondent antibody levels based on WHO definition, as protective (≥0.1 IU/mL) and susceptible (< 0.1 IU/mL) to C. diphtheriae infection. Results Among the 3317 respondents, 57% were susceptible (38.1% of children and 65.4% of adults) and 43% (61.9% of children and 34.6% of adults) had protective antibody levels against diphtheria. The mean antibody level peaked among individuals aged 1–2 years old (0.59 IU/mL) and 6–7 years old (0.64 IU/mL) but generally decreased with age, falling below 0.1 IU/mL at around 4–6 years old and after age 20 years old. There was a significant association between age [Children: χ2 = 43.22(df = 2),p < 0.001)], gender [Adults: χ2 = 5.58(df = 1),p = 0.018] and ethnicity [Adults: χ2 = 21.49(df = 5),p = 0.001] with diphtheria toxoid IgG antibody level. Conclusions About 57% of the Malaysian population have inadequate immunity against diphtheria infection. This is apparently due to waning immunity following childhood vaccination without repeated booster vaccination in adults. Children at age 5–6 years old are particularly vulnerable to diphtheria infection. The booster vaccination dose normally given at 7 years should be given earlier, and an additional booster dose is recommended for high-risk adults