Stabilitas Hasil Galur-galur Harapan Padi Sawah

The yield stability of genotype needs to be known before a genotype is released as new variety. The objective of this research was to identify yield and yield stability of rice breeding lines. Multilocational yield trials (MYTs) were conducted at nine locations in the 2009 dry and wet seasons. Ten promising lines were evaluated along with two control varieties, arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The result showed that five lines, i.e. B11007E-MR-3-2-PN-1-2, B10542FKN-90-1, B10533F-KN-12-2, B10543E-PN-17-1, and B10541F-KN-31-3 were considered as stable in all environments. The yield of four stable lines, i.e. B11007E-MR-3-2-PN-1-2, B10542F-KN-90-1, B10533F-KN-12-2, and B10541F-KN-31-3 each was not significantly different from Ciherang. The yield of glutinous rice line B10543E-PN-17-1 also was not significantly different from Ciasem. The yield stability and the agronomic appearance of these two lines were the same or better than those of Ciherang or Ciasem

Kultur Antera untuk Mendapatkan Galur Padi Toleran Salinitas

Haploid breeding through anther culture allows shortening of the breeding cycle and production of homozygous lines from a segregating population in the immediate generation. This technique has been used for crop improvement especially in rice. The objective of this research was to determine regeneration ability of twelve F1s, derived from reciprocal crossing between high yielding rice variety and rice tolerance to salinity, through anther culture. Completely randomized design with 20 replications was used in this research. Medium for callus induction was based on N6 medium + 2.0 mg NAA L-1 + 0.5 mg kinetin L-1 + 1 mM putrescine, while regeneration medium was based on MS + 0.5 mg NAA L-1 + 2.0 mg kinetin L-1 + 1 mM putrescine. Rooting were done in MS medium + 0.5 mg IBA L-1 + 1 mM putrescine. The result indicated that F1 derived from IR77674/Inpari 29 (3.1% green plants/total anther) was the most responsive genotypes in rice anther culture (high anther culture ability). After greenhouse grow out 125 putative double haploid plants were obtained (41.5% from total acclimated green plantlets)

Student’s learning experiences in an online learning environment using Garrison's Col framework

This study was conducted to examine the implementation of online learning in distance education utilizing the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, as introduced by Garrison. The CoI framework consists of three core elements essential in implementing online learning: social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. These components are crucial for the success of online learning modalities. This is due to the nature of online learning, where instructors and learners are not present at the exact location or time, necessitating a 'binding element' in the educational process to ensure effective management of learning activities. Consequently, this research involved distributing questionnaires to 317 participants enrolled in online courses at Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. The results obtained from this study were classified as high, indicating that all three CoI elements achieved high ratings. Specifically, the aspect of cognitive presence was dominated by resolution capabilities. In social presence, the open communication capacity scored higher than the affective and cohesive components. Meanwhile, facilitating discourse was rated higher in the teaching presence domain than instructional design, organization, and direct instruction. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that learning across these three aspects is considerably high in the students' online learning experiences.   Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembelajaran daring pada pembelajaran jarak jauh melalui pendekatan Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework yang diperkenalkan oleh Garrison. CoI memiliki tiga unsur yang menjadi perhatian dalam implementasi pembelajaran daring, yaitu social presence, cognitive presence, dan teaching presence. Ketiga unsur ini menjadi komponen penting dalam keberhasilan pembelajaran yang bersifat daring. Mengapa demikian? Karena pembelajaran daring adalah pembelajaran dimana antara pengajar dan peserta tidak berada pada tempat dan waktu yang bersamaan. Sehingga jika tidak ada “pengikat” dalam proses pembelajaran tersebut akan sulit untuk mengontrol pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 317 peserta yang mengikuti perkuliahan pembelajaran daring di Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dalam kategori tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga unsur CoI berada pada kategori tinggi, sspek cognitive presence didominasi oleh kemampuan resolution. Pada aspek social presence kemampuan open communication tinggi dibandingkan affective dan cohesive. Sedangkan pada aspek teaching presence facilitating discourse memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan instructional design and organization dan direct instruction. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kehadiran pembelajaran dari ketiga aspek tersebut cukup tinggi dalam pembelajaran daring yang dialami oleh siswa. Kata Kunci: community of Inquiry; evaluasi pengalaman belajar mahasiswa; pembelajaran darin

Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from COVID-19 family clusters

AbstractBackgroundTransmission within families and multiple spike protein mutations have been associated with the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to: (1) describe full genome characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and correlate the sequences with epidemiological data within family clusters, and (2) conduct phylogenetic analysis of all samples from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia and other countries.MethodsThe study involved 17 patients with COVID-19, including two family clusters. We determined the full-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 using the Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using a dataset of 142 full-genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from different regions.ResultsNinety-four SNPs were detected throughout the open reading frame (ORF) of SARS-CoV-2 samples with 58% (54/94) of the nucleic acid changes resulting in amino acid mutations. About 94% (16/17) of the virus samples showed D614G on spike protein and 56% of these (9/16) showed other various amino acid mutations on this protein, including L5F, V83L, V213A, W258R, Q677H, and N811I. The virus samples from family cluster-1 (n = 3) belong to the same clade GH, in which two were collected from deceased patients, and the other from the survived patient. All samples from this family cluster revealed a combination of spike protein mutations of D614G and V213A. Virus samples from family cluster-2 (n = 3) also belonged to the clade GH and showed other spike protein mutations of L5F alongside the D614G mutation.ConclusionsOur study is the first comprehensive report associating the full-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 with the epidemiological data within family clusters. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three viruses from family cluster-1 formed a monophyletic group, whereas viruses from family cluster-2 formed a polyphyletic group indicating there is the possibility of different sources of infection. This study highlights how the same spike protein mutations among members of the same family might show different disease outcomes.</jats:sec