Psychological Hardiness as Predictor of Psychological Stress among Doctors and Nurses during Covid-19 Pandemic in Jordan

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن مستوى الصلابة النفسية ومستوى الضغوط النفسية لدى الاطباء والممرضين، كما هدفت إلى الكشف عن القدرة التنبؤية للصلابة النفسية والمتغيرات التالية: (الجنس، المهنة، العمر، مكان العمل، التعرض للإصابة) في ادارة الضغوط النفسية. المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة مقياس الصلابة النفسية ومقياس الضغوط النفسية على (184) من الأطباء والممرضين العاملين خلال جائحة كورونا في الاردن، كما اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التنبؤي لمناسبته لأسئلة الدراسة. النتائج: أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن مستوى الصلابة النفسية ومستوى الضغوط النفسية لدى الأطباء والممرضين كان مرتفعًا، وقد فسر متغير الصلابة النفسية ما مقداره37.10 % من التباين المُفسَّر الكلي، وفسر متغير التعامل مع المصابين بفيروس كورونا ما مقداره 1.50% من التباين، في حين كان الإسهام النسبي لمتغيرات (الجنس، المهنة، والإصابة بفيروس كورونا) في تفسير التباين بالضغوطات النفسية لدى الأطباء والممرضين غير دال إحصائيا. الخلاصة: توصي الدراسة باتخاذ وزارة الصحة الأردنية مزيد من الإجراءات والتدابير الوقائية والصحية في حماية الكوادر الطبية والتمريضية من الآفات والأمراض التي قد يتعرضون لها في أثناء تأدية واجبهم.  Objectives: The current study aimed at revealing the level of psychological hardiness and the level of psychological stress among doctors and nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic in Jordan. It also aimed at unveiling the predictive ability of psychological hardiness and the variables of gender, occupation, age, workplace and exposure to injury in managing psychological stress. Methods: The study used psychological hardiness scale and psychological stress scale among randomly selected (184) doctors and nurses working during this period. The descriptive predictive approach was used for its relevance to the study questions. Results: The results of the study indicated that the level of psychological hardiness and the level of psychological stress among doctors and nurses was high. The psychological hardiness variable accounted for 37.10% of the total explained discrepancy, and the variable ‘dealing with people infected with the Covid-19 viruses clarified an amount of 1.50% of the variance. The percentile contribution of the variables of gender, occupation, and infection with the Covid-19 virus in explaining the variation in psychological stress was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: The study recommends that the Jordanian Ministry of Health should take more preventive and sanitary measures and procedures to protect medical and nursing staff from pests and diseases that they may be exposed to while performing their duty

Prevalence of Pyromaniac Disorder in Adolescents

الأهداف: الكشف عن نسبة انتشار اضطراب هوس إشعال الحرائق لدى المراهقين، وما إذا كانت تختلف تبعًا لمتغيرات: المرحلة الدراسية، والتحصيل الدراسي، ومكان السكن. المنهجية: لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، أعد الباحثان مقياسًا للكشف عن اضطراب هوس إشعال الحرائق تكون من (10) فقرات، بعد أن جرى التحقق من دلالات صدقه وثباته، طُبق على (1027) مراهقًا من طلبة المرحلتين الأساسية العليا والثانوية في محافظتي جرش وعجلون، اختيروا بالطريقة المتيسرة وذلك باستخدام أداة الدراسة (مقياس اضطراب هوس إشعال الحرائق). النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن نسبة انتشار اضطراب هوس إشعال الحرائق لدى أفراد عينة الدراسة (15.6%)، وجود فرق دال إحصائيًا في نسبة انتشار اضطراب هوس إشعال الحرائق لدى أفراد عينة الدراسة يعزى إلى متغير مكان السكن لصالح القرية، وعدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا تعزى إلى متغيري (المرحلة الدراسية، والتحصيل الدراسي). الخلاصة: وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة، توصي الدراسة بتنظيم ندوات ومحاضرات لزيادة وعي طلبة المرحلتين الأساسية العليا والثانوية باضطراب هوس إشعال الحرائق، والآثار السلبية الناتجة عنه على المستويين الفردي والمجتمعي.Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the prevalence of pyromania disorder among adolescents according to their school stage, academic achievement, and place of residence. Methods: A pyromania disorder scale consisting of (10) items was developed. After testing the validity and reliability indicators of the scale, it was applied to (1027) adolescents in primary and secondary school stages in the governorates of Jerash and Ajloun, who were selected by the available method. Results: The study results indicate that the prevalence of pyromania disorder among adolescents was (15.6%). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of pyromania disorder among adolescents related to their place of residence, with a higher prevalence in favor of the village. However, there were no significant differences concerning the variables of school stage and/or academic achievement. Conclusions: The study recommends organizing seminars and lectures to increase awareness among adolescents about pyromania disorder and its negative effects on both individual and societal levels

The Effectiveness of a Group Counseling Program Based on Feminist Therapy in Improving Self-Assertiveness of Battered Women فاعلية برنامج إرشادي جمعي يستند إلى العلاج النسّوي في تحسين مستوى توكيد الذات لدى النساء المعنفات

Abstract: The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a group counseling program based on feminist therapy in improving the self-assertiveness of battered women. The program was applied to a group of women who attend the Islamic Society for Social Services Center, in the AL-Rammtha District, Jordan, and the study sample consisted of (30) battered women, and they were selected based on their low scores on the self-assertiveness scale, and they were randomly distributed into two groups: an experimental group It includes (15) abused women, and a control group includes (15) abused women. To achieve the objectives of the study, the Banimostafa and Abu Hassouna Scale was used for self-affirmation and it consisted of (31) items, and an indicative treatment program based on feminist therapy, and the program consisted of (10) sessions. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the members of the experimental and control groups on the scale of self-assertiveness, in favor of the experimental group, after applying the program, and the members of the experimental group kept improving after performing the follow-up measurement. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى فحص فاعلية برنامج إرشادي جمعي يستند إلى العلاج النسّوي في تحسين توكيد الذات لدى النساء المعنفات. فقد تم تطبيق البرنامج على مجموعة من السيدات اللواتي يراجعن جمعية المركز الإسلامي الخيرية, في لواء الرمثا- الأردن, وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (30) امرأة معنفة, تم اختيارهن بناءً على درجاتهن المنخفضة على مقياس توكيد الذات, وتم توزعيهنّ عشوائياً إلى مجموعتين: مجموعة تجريبية وتشمل (15) امرأة معنفة, ومجموعة ضابطة تشمل (15) امرأة معنفة, ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة, تم استخدام مقياس بني مصطفى وأبو حسونه لتوكيد الذات والذي تكون من (31) فقرة, وبرنامج علاجي إرشادي يستند إلى العلاج النّسوي, وقد تكون البرنامج من (10) جلسات. وأوضحت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً بين أفراد المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة على مقياس توكيد الذات, لصالح المجموعة التجريبية وذلك بعد تطبيق البرنامج, واحتفظ أفراد المجموعة التجريبية بالتحسن بعد إجراء قياس المتابعة

ANTIVIRAL EFFICACY OF GARLIC OIL AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious and devastating viral disease ofpoultry that distributed worldwide causing large economic losses in the poultryindustry. Although vaccines are being used to control the disease, there is no effectiveantiviral drug used for the treatment of infections. The aim of this study is to testgarlic oil for its antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus. Garlic oil wasincubated with the virus (LaSota strain) for 1 hr and 24 hrs and its antiviral effect wasdetermined by performing hemagglutination and RT-PCR tests to detect viral surfaceproteins and viral genome, respectively. In addition, the toxicity of garlic oil wasdetermined on the living organism by injecting it into chicken embryos with orwithout the virus. The results showed that this product played a role in the reductionof virus effectiveness through the destroying of viral surface receptors as well as thereduction of gene amplification as compared with the control group that included thetreatment of the virus with a saline solution (phosphate buffer saline), which gaveopposite results. In addition, there was no antiviral toxicity on the living organismsince the injected embryos with the oil alone or the oil with virus were healthy andclosely resemble those that have not been injected with anything. In comparison, theembryos that were injected with the virus only showed clear pathological signs thatdid not appear in the other groups containing the oil. These results suggest that garlic oil would be a good potential antiviral and probably will have a role to eliminate thedisease

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Program in Reducing Psychological Stress among Female Teachers of Students with Special Needs in Jordan

هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرُّف فاعلية برنامج معرفي سلوكي في خفض الضغوط النفسية لدى معلمات ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في الأردن. ولتحقيق هذا الهدفأ أعدّت الباحثتان مقياسًا لضغوط النفسية المعلمات، كما تكوّنت عينة الدراسة من (31) معلمة يعملن في مؤسسة البقاعي للرعاية والتأهيل الشامل في إربد، وُزّعن على مجموعتين: المجموعة التجريبية التي تكوّنت من (16) معلمة تلقين البرنامج الإرشادي لمدة (12) جلسة إرشادية بمعدل جلستين أسبوعيا، تراوحت مدة كل جلسة (60) دقيقة، والمجموعة الضابطة التي تكونت من (15) معلمة لم يتلقين أي برنامج إرشادي. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطات المجموعتين: التجريبية والضابطة على مقياس الضغط النفسي وأبعاده لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، اللواتي تلقين البرنامج الإرشادي، مقارنة بزميلاتهن أفراد المجموعة الضابطة؛ حيث بلغ حجم أثر لالبرنامج الإرشادي (31،94%)، ممّا يعني وجود أثر مرتفع للبرنامج في خفض الضغوط النفسية لدى معلمات طلبة ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في الأردن.The study aims at examining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral programs in reducing psychological stress among female teachers of students with special needs in Jordan. To achieve the purpose of the study, the researcher designed a scale measuring psychological stress among  the teachers.  The sample consisted of (31) female teachers working at Al-Biqa'i Institution for Comprehensive Care and Rehabilitation in Irbid. The teachers were divided into two groups. The first group is an experimental group consisting of 16 teachers who all received (12) counseling sessions, (2) sessions per week. Each session extended for 60 minutes for each session. The control group  consisted  of 15 female teachers who did not receive any training program. The results of the study revealed  statistically significant differences between the means scores of the experimental and control groups on the scale of psychological stress and its dimensions in favor of the experimental group who were trained using a training program. In addition, the effect size for the counselling program was (94.31), confirming the high effect of the training program in reducing psychological stress among Jordanian female teachers of students with special needs

MONITORING OF BENZOIC ACID LEVELS IN SOFT DRINKS CONSUMED IN ADEN, YEMEN

يُستخدم حمض البنزويك على نطاق واسع كمادة حافظة للأطعمة نظرًا لفعاليته في منع نمو الخميرة والعفن. يُعتبر الشكل غير المتأين من حمض البنزويك هو الأكثر فعالية. في المشروبات الحمضية مثل المشروبات الغازية، من الممكن أن يتفاعل حمض البنزويك مع المواد المضافة مثل حمض الأسكوربيك لإطلاق البنزين، مما يمكن أن يشكل مخاطر صحية. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد مستويات حمض البنزويك في عينات من المشروبات الغازية التي تُستهلك بشكل شائع في عدن، اليمن. تم تحليل ثمانية عشر عينة من المشروبات الغازية باستخدام كروماتوغرافيا السائل عالية الأداء مع كاشف الأشعة فوق البنفسجية. تم العثور على أعلى تركيز لحمض البنزويك في عينة من مشروب برتقال فيفا (FIFA) بتركيز 173.87 جزء في المليون، بينما كان الأدنى 8.40 جزء في المليون في عينة من مشروب دريم الأحمر (DREAM). بعض العينات، بما في ذلك مشروب ميرندا البرتقال (MIRINDA)، ومشروب فانتا (FANTA) بنكهة التفاح، ومشروب ديلسي الأحمر (DILSI)، لم يكن لها مستويات قابلة للكشف من حمض البنزويك، على الرغم من أن ملصقاتها تشير إلى وجوده. بشكل عام، كانت تركيزات حمض البنزويك في جميع العينات المختبرة ضمن الحدود المسموح بها وفقًا للمعايير المحلية والإقليمية والدولية.Benzoic acid is widely used as a food preservative due to its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of yeast and mold. The undissociated form of benzoic acid is the most potent. In acidic beverages like soft drinks, benzoic acid can react with additives such as ascorbic acid to release benzene, which can pose health concerns. This study aimed to determine the levels of benzoic acid in soft drink samples commonly consumed in Aden, Yemen. Eighteen soft drink samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The highest benzoic acid concentration was found in a FIFA orange sample at 173.87 ppm, while the lowest was 8.40 ppm in a DREAM red sample. Some samples, including MIRINDA orange, FANTA apple, and DILSI red, had no detectable levels of benzoic acid, despite their labels indicating its presence. Overall, the benzoic acid concentrations in all tested samples were within the permissible limits set by local, regional, and international standards

ZnO Nano-swirlings for Azo Dye AR183 photocatalytic degradation and antimycotic activity

The sol-gel technique was used to fabricate ZnO Nano-swirlings (ZNsw) at a predetermined agitation rate (of \u3e\u3e 1900 rpm), with around 21.94 gm of zinc acetate dihydrate and 0.2 g cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) and a cationic surfactant (drop-wise). The impact of the predetermined agitation condition on the molecular size and morphology of ZNsw is examined, and the outcomes are dissected by useful characterization tools and techniques viz. XRD, SEM embedded with EDS, TEM, FT-IR and UV–visible. The SEM and TEM results suggest that the product formed into a big cluster of adequate ZNsw, containing a significant quantity of folded long thread-lengths. Each group indicated a fair amount of the volume of these lengths. The photocatalytic process of ZNsw was carried out as a result of the irradiation time due to the deterioration of Azo Dye AR183, resulting in approximately 79 percent dye discoloration following an 80-min UV light irradiation in the presence of ZNsw. Additionally, the synthesized ZNsw was tested for antagonistic activity, and the growth hindrance of two plant pathogenic fungal strains found. Per cent inhibition in growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata were observed in response to ZNsw

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

An Overview Of Antidote For Midazolam Overdose, Role Of Clinical Laboratory, Anesthesia And Nursing In The Management

Midazolam is commonly administered as a premedication due to its beneficial properties of inducing amnesia, reducing anxiety, and promoting sedation. Incorrect administration of midazolam at an inappropriate dosage elevates the likelihood of respiratory and circulatory depression. An individual died as a consequence of receiving a 10 mg dosage of intravenous (IV) midazolam during an endoscopic procedure.1 While there is no documented evidence of fatalities resulting from the intramuscular (IM) administration of midazolam, we have encountered two instances of excessive doses of IM midazolam being delivered. Thankfully, there were no issues. However, the occurrences highlighted the reality that certain doctors and nurses may lack the necessary expertise in administering a drug, even if it has been widely used for an extended period of time. Only a few examples have been recorded in the literature where the premedication of IM midazolam was administered at a dosage four times higher than recommended. The sedative effects were extended, however, there was no occurrence of circulatory or respiratory depression, which is fortunate. Both accidents occurred due to the nurse and resident\u27s inadequate familiarity with midazolam. Hence, it is imperative not to assume that all medical personnel possess equivalent experience and expertise regarding frequently utilized medications. It is crucial to thoroughly examine prescriptions and processes, especially for common medications, in order to prevent unintentional overdoses. The clinical laboratory, anesthesia, and nursing play crucial roles in managing patients, including tasks such as identifying drug levels in urine, administering antidotes, performing intubation, and providing more effective therapy with the help of the anesthesia team

Estimation of Vitamin D levels Among Female Students at University of Sciences and Technology, Aden, Yemen. A Cross-sectional Analysis

Background: Hypovitaminosis D is considered a major public health problem where it is estimated that more than one billion people are affected around the world. In Yemen, the vitamin D status among young females was not clear. Objective: This study aimed to state the level of vitamin D among female students at the University of Sciences and Technology and to determine the risk factors contributing to vitamin D status among those females. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 female students. Results: The total mean ± SD was 21.5 ± 2.7 years. The min-max of the total age was 18 years and 29 years. The overall prevalence of HVD among female students was 89.3% where 82.7% were insufficient and 6.7% were deficient. Symptoms such as muscle pain, bone pain, and hair loss of HVD were statistically associated with vitamin D status (p=0.001) in each. A statistically significant association was found among those who used sunscreen and did not take vitamin D supplements (p=0.001) in each. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the prevalent rate of HVD among female college students in Aden, Yemen, was high and higher than most reported among females globally. The majority of female college students had VDI, while a few had VDD.  Using sunscreen and not taking vitamin D supplements increase the risk of HVD