Adsorption Performance of Methylene Blue and Lissamine Green B. Dyes by Areca Catechu Nuts (Buah Pinang) Husk

Areca Catechu L., often known as betel nut, was applied as an alkali-treated adsorbent to reduce the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and Lissamine green b. (LGB) dyes in aqueous solution. Moreover, using the final concentration data obtained from Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, the dye removal percentage of all parameters, including adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and temperature, was calculated. For MB dye, the optimal parameters were 1.0 g, 5 mg/L and 50 °C for adsorbent dosage, initial MB concentration and temperature, respectively. Whereas, for LGB dye, the optimal parameters were 1.0 g, 25 mg/L and 40 °C for adsorbent dosage, initial LGB concentration and temperature, respectively. The surface structure of the areca nut husk adsorbents was examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). It was discovered that the areca nut husk surface before treated with NaOH was rough and uneven in terms of pores dimension, as opposed to the post treated surface. The presence of functional groups such as -C=O, -O-H, -C-O and -C-H were determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and KBr disc. Last but not least, isothermal studies on the adsorption performance of MB and LGB dyes by areca nut husk adsorbent, incorporating Langmuir and Freundlich models. The Freundlich model was found to suit the MB and LGB dye adsorption reactions with regression coefficients (R2 ) of 0.946 and 0.945, respectively. Therefore, the study revealed the NaOH-treated areca nut husk adsorbent can be used as a long-term adsorbent for the removal of MB and LGB dyes from contaminated wastewater

Sosialisasi Penerapan 3M dan Pencegahan Covid-19 di TPQ Bazma An – Naafi’ Kelurahan Kebon Pala Jakarta Timur

Pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan dampak yang luar biasa bagi kehidupan masyarakat dunia. Oleh karena itu, masalah ini perlu diperhatikan agar dapat segera ditangani untuk membantu mencegah penyebaran Covid-19. Kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya mematuhi protokol kesehatan masih sangat minim, hal inilah yang kemudian menjadi penyebab utama penularan virus Covid-19. Sosialisasi Penerapan 3M dan Pencegahan Covid-19 merupakan kegiatan mengedukasi masyarakat dengan gerakan 3M (cuci tangan, pakai masker, dan jaga jarak). Sosialisasi ini dilakukan di TPQ Bazma An - Naafi' yang terletak di Desa Kebon Pala, Jakarta Timur. Kondisi kesehatan di lingkungan ini cukup mengkhawatirkan, karena minimnya lahan terbuka hijau, udara bersih, dan fasilitas air bersih. Anak-anak di sini juga terlihat seperti tidak tahu bahaya apa yang mereka hadapi, sehingga tidak ada larangan dari orang tua. Banyak warga yang tidak mematuhi aturan protokol kesehatan seperti 3M.Kata kunci: Sosialisasi, Penerapan 3M, Pencegahan Covid 1

A novel Coltivirus-related virus isolated from free-tailed bats from Côte d’Ivoire is able to infect human cells in vitro

Background: Zoonotic transmission events play a major role in the emergence of novel diseases. While such events are virtually impossible to predict, wildlife screening for potential emerging pathogens can be a first step. Driven by recent disease epidemics like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and Ebola, bats have gained special interest as reservoirs of emerging viruses. Methods: As part of a bigger study investigating pathogens in African bats we screened animals for the presence of known and unknown viruses. Results: We isolated and characterised a novel reovirus from blood of free-tailed bats (Chaereophon aloysiisabaudiae) captured in 2006 in Côte d’Ivoire. The virus showed closest relationship with two human pathogenic viruses, Colorado tick fever virus and Eyach virus, and was able to infect various human cell lines in vitro. Conclusion: The study shows the presence of a coltivirus-related virus in bats from Sub-Sahara Africa. Serological studies could help to assess its impact on humans or wildlife health

Analisis Tindak Tutur Lokusi pada Konten Review Handphone dalam Kanal YouTube GadgetIn

This article aims to analyze the locutionary speech acts used in cellphone review content on the YouTube channel "Gadgetin".  Locutionary speech acts are an important aspect in language and communication analysis.  Locutionary speech acts can provide in-depth insight into how content creators communicate with audiences in the context of technology product reviews.  This research uses a qualitative approach by collecting data from a number of cellphone review videos published on the "Gadgetin" channel.  Data were analyzed using the speech act theory framework of Austin (1962) and Searle (1969) to identify the speech acts used in the video.  The results of the analysis show that there are significant differences in the use of locutionary speech acts in cellphone review content.  Based on the data collected, this research classifies locutionary speech acts into several types, including statements of fact about technical specifications, opinions about product quality, audience requests, and others.  Apart from that, this article also discusses how the use of slogans affects communication between content creators and their audiences.  The research results show that the effective use of locutionary speech acts can increase audience participation and support communication goals in the context of motion review.  This research contributes significantly to understanding the use of language in technology product review content on the YouTube platform.  The results of this cellphone review analysis can be a benchmark for YouTube content producers and researchers to understand the dynamics of communication in an ever-evolving digital context. &nbsp

No evidence for transmission of SIVwrc from western red colobus monkeys (piliocolobus badius badius) to wild west african chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) despite high exposure through hunting

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses (SIVs) are the precursors of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIVs) which have lead to the worldwide HIV/AIDS pandemic. By studying SIVs in wild primates we can better understand the circulation of these viruses in their natural hosts and habitat, and perhaps identify factors that influence susceptibility and transmission within and between various host species. We investigated the SIV status of wild West African chimpanzees (<it>Pan troglodytes verus) </it>which frequently hunt and consume the western red colobus monkey (<it>Piliocolobus badius badius</it>), a species known to be infected to a high percentage with its specific SIV strain (SIVwrc).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Blood and plasma samples from 32 wild chimpanzees were tested with INNO-LIA HIV I/II Score kit to detect cross-reactive antibodies to HIV antigens. Twenty-three of the samples were also tested for antibodies to 43 specific SIV and HIV lineages, including SIVwrc. Tissue samples from all but two chimpanzees were tested for SIV by PCRs using generic SIV primers that detect all known primate lentiviruses as well as primers designed to specifically detect SIVwrc. Seventeen of the chimpanzees showed varying degrees of cross-reactivity to the HIV specific antigens in the INNO-LIA test; however no sample had antibodies to SIV or HIV strain - and lineage specific antigens in the Luminex test. No SIV DNA was found in any of the samples.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We could not detect any conclusive trace of SIV infection from the red colobus monkeys in the chimpanzees, despite high exposure to this virus through frequent hunting. The results of our study raise interesting questions regarding the host-parasite relationship of SIVwrc and wild chimpanzees in their natural habitat.</p

High prevalence and diversity of species D adenoviruses (HAdV-D) in human populations of four Sub-Saharan countries

Abstract. Background: Human adenoviruses of species D (HAdV-D) can be associated with acute respiratory illness, epidemic ker

Investigating the zoonotic origin of the West African Ebola epidemic

The severe Ebola virus disease epidemic occurring in West Africa stems from a single zoonotic transmission event to a 2‐year‐old boy in Meliandou, Guinea. We investigated the zoonotic origins of the epidemic using wildlife surveys, interviews, and molecular analyses of bat and environmental samples. We found no evidence for a concurrent outbreak in larger wildlife. Exposure to fruit bats is common in the region, but the index case may have been infected by playing in a hollow tree housing a colony of insectivorous free‐tailed bats (Mops condylurus). Bats in this family have previously been discussed as potential sources for Ebola virus outbreaks, and experimental data have shown that this species can survive experimental infection. These analyses expand the range of possible Ebola virus sources to include insectivorous bats and reiterate the importance of broader sampling efforts for understanding Ebola virus ecology

Genetic identification of cytomegaloviruses in a rural population of Côte d'Ivoire.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are herpesviruses that infect many mammalian species, including humans. Infection generally passes undetected, but the virus can cause serious disease in individuals with impaired immune function. Human CMV (HCMV) is circulating with high seroprevalence (60-100 %) on all continents. However, little information is available on HCMV genoprevalence and genetic diversity in subsaharan Africa, especially in rural areas of West Africa that are at high risk of human-to-human HCMV transmission. In addition, there is a potential for zoonotic spillover of pathogens through bushmeat hunting and handling in these areas as shown for various retroviruses. Although HCMV and nonhuman CMVs are regarded as species-specific, potential human infection with CMVs of non-human primate (NHP) origin, shown to circulate in the local NHP population, has not been studied. FINDINGS: Analysis of 657 human oral swabs and fecal samples collected from 518 individuals living in 8 villages of Côte d'Ivoire with generic PCR for identification of human and NHP CMVs revealed shedding of HCMV in 2.5 % of the individuals. Determination of glycoprotein B sequences showed identity with strains Towne, AD169 and Toledo, respectively. NHP CMV sequences were not detected. CONCLUSIONS: HCMV is actively circulating in a proportion of the rural Côte d'Ivoire human population with circulating strains being closely related to those previously identified in non-African countries. The lack of NHP CMVs in human populations in an environment conducive to cross-species infection supports zoonotic transmission of CMVs to humans being at most a rare event

Clustered brachiopod Hox genes are not expressed collinearly and are associated with lophotrochozoan novelties

Temporal collinearity is often considered the main force preserving Hox gene clusters in animal genomes. Studies that combine genomic and gene expression data are scarce, however, particularly in invertebrates like the Lophotrochozoa. As a result, the temporal collinearity hypothesis is currently built on poorly supported foundations. Here we characterize the complement, cluster, and expression of Hox genes in two brachiopod species, Terebratalia transversa and Novocrania anomala. T. transversa has a split cluster with 10 genes (lab, pb, Hox3, Dfd, Scr, Lox5, Antp, Lox4, Post2, and Post1), whereas N. anomala has 9 genes (apparently missing Post1). Our in situ hybridization, real-time quantitative PCR, and stage-specific transcriptomic analyses show that brachiopod Hox genes are neither strictly temporally nor spatially collinear; only pb (in T. transversa), Hox3 (in both brachiopods), and Dfd (in both brachiopods) show staggered mesodermal expression. Thus, our findings support the idea that temporal collinearity might contribute to keeping Hox genes clustered. Remarkably, expression of the Hox genes in both brachiopod species demonstrates cooption of Hox genes in the chaetae and shell fields, two major lophotrochozoan morphological novelties. The shared and specific expression of Hox genes, together with Arx, Zic, and Notch pathway components in chaetae and shell fields in brachiopods, mollusks, and annelids provide molecular evidence supporting the conservation of the molecular basis for these lophotrochozoan hallmarks