15 research outputs found

    Influence of Different Factors on the Resonance Frequency Analysis in Assessment of Implant Stability - Review

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    IntroductionImplant stability is one of the key factors in regard to the successful outcome of implant treatment. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is one of the most commonly used methods in measuring the implant primary and secondary stability. The method is reliable and noninvasive, which makes it suitable at the different stages of the implant treatment.AimThe aim of this review was to establish some of the factors, which could affect the results obtained during RFA.Materials and MethodsArticles related to the subject were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles only in English language, published from 1996 to 2019, were included. Variety of keywords in different combinations were used to conduct the search.ResultsArticles, included in this review described clinical and experimental studies. Few reviews of the literature were added as well. Some of the articles considered RFA as a single method for measuring implant stability, while others described its use in combination with other methods. Bone-related factors, implant surface, diameter, length, as well as the position of the transducer of the device were discussed as factors, which could influence the ISQ values.ConclusionIt seems that among the discussed factors, BIC, bone density, implant diameter and the orientation of the transducer demonstrated more distinct relation to the RFA results. The influence of the implant surface modification and implant length on the ISQ values remains controversial

    Factors Affecting Bone Temperature Increase During Implant Surgery - Review

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    IntroductionDuring implant surgery certain amount of heat is produced. It is known that temperature increase above the critical threshold of 47°C for a minute could lead to thermal osteonecrosis, which could be the reason for an early implant failure.AimThe aim of this review was to reveal the multifactorial nature of bone temperature rise during dental implant surgery.Materials and MethodsPubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to select articles related to the topic. The review includes articles published from 1972 to 2019, only in English language. ResultsAll reviewed original articles, describing studies, whose aim was to observe the heat generation during implant surgery, are experimental. A few reviews were included. As potential risk factors for thermal damage of the bone were considered the site preparation protocol, drill wear, drill design, drilling speed and cooling effectiveness.ConclusionHeat generation during implant site preparation could be increased by performing guided implant or piezoelectric surgery. The use of combined irrigation at higher speeds, sharper drills and laser-assisted osteotomy could help avoid the risk of thermal damage to the bone. The heat production during the implant site preparation is a subject to many studies, but there is still a lack of data about the temperature rise during implant insertion

    Adjunctive antibiotic therapy in cases of periodontitis and peri-implantitis

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    IntroductionPeriodontitis and peri-implantitis are plaque-induced diseases, which are associated with certain bacteria. The conventional treatment aims primarily at tooth or implant surface debridement. In certain cases, surgical therapy is necessary. To improve the outcome of the treatment, systemic or topical antibiotics could be considered.AimThe aim of this review is to investigate the effect of the adjunctive systemically or topically delivered antibiotics on the outcome of the periodontitis and peri-implantitis treatment.Materials and MethodsArticles related to the topic were searched in the PubMed database. Articles published from 2000 to 2019, only in English language, were included in the review. The search was conducted with a variety of keywords in different combinations being used. These were: “periodontitis”, “peri-implantitis”, “antibiotic”, “local”, “metronidazole”, “amoxicillin”, “azithromycin”, “tetracycline”.ResultsForty-seven articles were included in the review. The selected articles described the adjunctive systemic and/or local delivery of metronidazole, azithromycin, the combination of metronidazole and amoxicillin and some representatives of the tetracycline group, such as doxycycline and minocycline in cases of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.ConclusionThe adjunctive systemic and topical antibiotic therapy could benefit the outcome of periodontitis and peri-implantitis treatment

    Comparison between the influence of implant diameter and implant length on the primary stability

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    INTRODUCTIONThe primary stability is a factor for successful osseointegration of dental implants. It is believed that factors that can increase the contact area between the implant and the bone, such as the implant shape, length, and diameter, can also increase the primary stability.AIM   The aim of this study was to determine whether the increase of implant length or the increase of implant diameter would contribute more to the enhancement of primary stability.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe implant primary stability of 60 implants distributed in 6 groups, according their diameter, length and surface topography was evaluated using three methods: assessment of mean insertion torque, periotest values, and resonance frequency analysis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe results demonstrated that the primary stability achieved by increasing the diameter of the implants by 0.7 mm was comparable to that obtained by increasing their length by 2 mm at a smaller diameter (4.1 mm). When the difference in the diameter increased more (from 0.7 mm to 1.5 mm, when comparing the 3.3 mm/10 mm and 4.8 mm/8 mm implants), the increase of the length of the smaller diameter implants did not result in primary stability values comparable to those obtained during the insertion of  wider and shorter implants.CONCLUSIONConsidering our results as well as the literature data, we can conclude that the increase of the implant diameter affects more the improving of the primary stability than the increase of the implant length. However, it should be taken into account that this refers to a specific diameter change of 1.5 mm and length change of 2 mm. More studies, including implants with a greater difference in the length and a different diameter to length ratio, are needed to confirm or reject this relation

    Bone block augmentation - a long-term follow-up

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    IntroductionAutogenous bone block grafting is used for both vertical and horizontal augmentation of the upper and lower jaw. The bone block could be provided using extraoral or intraoral donor location.AimThe aim of this study was to observe the survival rate, the marginal bone level and the bleeding on probing (BOP) for a period of 4 to 6 years of implants, inserted in autogenous bone block graft.Materials and MethodsWe considered advanced horizontal bone loss, where guided bone regeneration with simultaneous implant placement could not be performed and/or vertical bone loss, where vertical augmentation of the alveolar  bone of more than 3 to 6 mm is required,  as indications for the bone block grafting procedure. As an intraoral donor site was used the mental area.Results and Discussion The mean observation period was 4.81 years. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.442 mm, as bone resorption was established in 48% of all cases, BOP was observed in 17.7 % of the cases. No correlation was found between BOP and bone loss. The survival rate of the implants placed into bone augmented using autogenous bone block graft was 98.7 %.ConclusionFor an implant placement we considered a period of 4 months after the procedure enough to provide high survival rate of the implants. The implants placed in bone augmented using autogenous bone block grafting according to our methodology demonstrated high survival rate and unstable marginal bone level

    Five-year follow-up of implants placed simultaneously with inferior alveolar nerve lateralisation or transposition

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    Introduction: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the 5-year outcomes regarding presence of intraoperative and postoperative complications and the survival rate of implants placed simultaneously with lower alveolar nerve lateralization or transposition.Material and Methods: implants placement was performed on 34 patients with advanced atrophy of the posterior mandible simultaneously with lower alveolar nerve lateralization or transposition. Transposition was done only in two cases; in the rest of the cases lateralization of lower alveolar nerve was performed.Results: The survival rate at the end of the fifth year after implant placement was 100%. The mean height of residual bone at the region of implant placement was 2.76 mm. The mean marginal bone resorption for at the fifth year was 0.309 mm. In 20.6% of cases a positive BOP (bleeding on probing) was registered. 14.7% of the patients were free of symptoms of NSD (neuro-sensory dysfunction). In the rest of the patients the mean duration of NSD was 2.06 weeks. In 76.4% of patients the symptoms of NSD of nervus alveolaris inf. resolved after the second week. The maximum period of reported NSD was 6 weeks. No permanent NSD occured.Conclusion: Properly performed lateralization or transposition of the lower alveolar nerve is associated with minimal risk of permanent neuro-sensory dysfunction and providing an opportunity for placement of intraosseal implants in the posterior mandible with high survival rate

    The impact of the thread design compared to the impact of the surface topography on the primary stability of implants inserted into fresh pig ribs

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    The aim of this investigation was to compare the effect of the thread pitch, thread profile and the surface morphology on the primary stability of implants of a different diameter. Eighty test specimens of dental im­plants were inserted into 16 untreated pig ribs, as the maximum insertion torque (MIT), periotest values (PTV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured. Considering the results, we concluded that the higher thread profile, even with a wider thread pitch, affects the primary stability more than the rougher surface of the implants

    Bone characteristics and implant stability

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    The aim of this literature data review was to investigate the influence of the bone density, bone volume, cortical bone thickness and the anatomical area on the primary stability of dental implants. Understanding the effect of the bone quality could help us predict the primary stability and prevent to some extent the poor implant stability by choosing implants of different design, diameter, length or surface modification.Considering the reviewed articles, we have concluded that inserting implants in dense bone of higher quality with thick cortical portion, as well as implant placement in lower jaw could lead to higher primary stability of those implants. To enhance the primary stability in bone of poor quality we suggest the use of implants with such characteristics of the design or dimensions, which are proven to influence the primary stability of the implant in a positive way

    Long-term follow-up of implants with reduced length

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    Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the reduced length implants as an alternative of conventional length implants in combination with bone augmentation. The following criteria were observed: survival rate, marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing.Material and Methods: This study included 186 Straumann Standard Plus implants with dimensions: length of 6 mm and diameter of 4.8 mm. The implants were loaded with non-removable crowns or bridges at least 10 weeks after the implant placement. Depending on the type of the prosthetic option the distribution of the implants was as follows: 83 implants were co-abutments to one more implant with conventional length (8-14 mm); 67 implants were co-abutments to more than one implant with conventional length, 33 implants were loaded with single crowns.Results: The mean period of observation was 5.59 years. The mean marginal bone resorption was 0,224mm. In 12.4% from the cases was registered BOP (bleeding on probing). A correlation was found between the BOP and mean marginal bone resorption. No correlation was found between the values of marginal bone resorption and the type of the prosthetics. The survival rate of the implants in the observation period was 99.5%.Conclusion: Тreatment by short implants is a reliable alternative to implants with conventional length with combination of bone grafting procedures. It is less invasive, cost effective and consumes less treatment time
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