THE EU IMPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES BY COMPARISON WITH THE USA AND THE GHTF GUIDELINES

Medical devices and supply companies are under enormous pressure to fulfill trade requirements dictated by current global markets, especially by the EU, although it is largely recognized that the innovative medical devices and procedures can considerablyCommon Trade Policy, European Union, imports requirements, USA, GHTF guidelines, trade regulations, ISO

THE PRODUCTION OF MEDICINES IN ROMANIA AFTER 1990. WHAT'S THE REASON FOR IMPORTS?

Since 1990, Romania turned itself slowly but surely, from a large drugs producer, which has used to supplydrugs to the whole former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Member States, and with a net positive trade balance in medicine sector, into a large drugs importer, trying hardly to attract investors which could produce medicines not only for the Romanian domestic market, but also for all other Eastern European markets, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey. This paper focuses on the empirical analisys of the medicines production sector in Romania after 1990, aiming to emphasises the factors which have mostly affected this industry, in correlation with different interests and reasons which determined the increasing imports of drugs during the last years, by underlying at the same time, the role of the new public authority in charge of supervising the distribution and import of medicines in Romania, The National Medicines Administration (NMA). The paper relevance relies in the fact that Romania registered during the last years drug imports of an average of 1.7 billion euros, while the drug exports were only around 0,1 billions euros, according to the computations made on the data provided by the Romanian Institute of National Statistics (INS). The most imported products are patent drugs, which are more expensive than those produced by the domestic manufactured. At the same time, Romania registered an increase of the pharmaceutical market of around 20% only since its EU integration, this market proven to be largely driven by expensive products. Our research conducted to the conclusion that the Romanian resort authorities have to immediately adopt measures meant to limit consumption of expensive drugs, on the one side, and to reinforce the domestic manufacturers on the other side, even by attracting major investors in this sector. We have also identified that there is a large competitiveness for Romanian medicine products on the international market, due to its production costs (Romania still is a low cost economy in this sector), as well as due to its tradition.drug manufacture, medicine production, Romanian economy, FDI, exports and imports

RELATIONSHIP AND CAUSALITY BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE AND CERTAIN DISEASES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

The objective of this paper is to further research the already established relationship between economic growth and health by using the results of some previous works and applying them on the recent data, in order to find out if the economic growth rate iHealth Policy, European Union, Economic Development, Human Resources, GDP, Economic Growth, diseases

THE PRODUCTION OF MEDICINES IN ROMANIA AFTER 1990. WHAT'S THE REASON FOR IMPORTS?

Since 1990, Romania turned itself slowly but surely, from a large drugs producer, which has used to supplydrugs to the whole former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Member States, and with a net positive trade balance in medicine sector, into a large drugs importer, trying hardly to attract investors which could produce medicines not only for the Romanian domestic market, but also for all other Eastern European markets, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey. This paper focuses on the empirical analisys of the medicines production sector in Romania after 1990, aiming to emphasises the factors which have mostly affected this industry, in correlation with different interests and reasons which determined the increasing imports of drugs during the last years, by underlying at the same time, the role of the new public authority in charge of supervising the distribution and import of medicines in Romania, The National Medicines Administration (NMA). The paper relevance relies in the fact that Romania registered during the last years drug imports of an average of 1.7 billion euros, while the drug exports were only around 0,1 billions euros, according to the computations made on the data provided by the Romanian Institute of National Statistics (INS). The most imported products are patent drugs, which are more expensive than those produced by the domestic manufactured. At the same time, Romania registered an increase of the pharmaceutical market of around 20% only since its EU integration, this market proven to be largely driven by expensive products. Our research conducted to the conclusion that the Romanian resort authorities have to immediately adopt measures meant to limit consumption of expensive drugs, on the one side, and to reinforce the domestic manufacturers on the other side, even by attracting major investors in this sector. We have also identified that there is a large competitiveness for Romanian medicine products on the international market, due to its production costs (Romania still is a low cost economy in this sector), as well as due to its tradition

THE ROLE OF THE PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. A STUDY CASE ON THE PRIVATE MEDICINE SECTOR IN ORADEA

The concerns with respect to healthy life styles, preventive medical approaches, safe environment, and early warning systems represents the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations Organization's so called Decade for Education for Sustainable Development, the European Union's sustainability strategy, the Global Environmental Outlook of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the ten Principles of the UN Global Compact, all aiming to attain the sustainable global health, which is possible only through collective multilevel efforts for the sake of human wellbeing, equity, livelihood, and worldwide sustainable development and stability. Romania, as an EU Member States, have to take into consideration the fact that health is a precondition for economic growth and sustainable development, and this way, it has to promote the EU common approaches to health policy. Between these approaches, the prevention plays a key role when addressing to the global health challenges such as the pandemics control, and the rising tide of non-communicable diseases. For these purposes, preventive strategies need to include promoting polices that foster a healthy environment, healthy life styles and equitable access to health care and information, so, it is necessary to meet the requests towards sustainable global health. From this perspective, for the empirical research pursued in this paper, we have considered the Global Challenge Index, which focuses on seven global challenges of the new millennium, and on this basis, we have compared Romania with the other EU Member States. Then, we have computed the index for Oradea and its neighbour region, including the framework of a comprehensive analysis of political, economic and social target system. The key issues we have considered in this context were referring to lifestyles, life care and education for lifelong well-being, partnerships for health, institutions and related policy areas, alternative intercultural preventative medical approaches, and the good governance, policy relevance, and corporate social responsibility, and were analyzed mainly referring to the potential of the Romanian private medicine sector in preventive medicine. The conclusions of the paper reveal the fact that the region of Oradea is much above the average index of Romania when it comes to preventive medicine, but still behind the other EU Member States. So, the background for meeting the precondition for economic growth and sustainable development in Oradea was created, but there are still a lots to be done on short term, even because of the features of this area, which situates it at the top of the cancer diseases registered cases in the country