Statiscal Analysis on Stream Pollution : I. Factor Analysis on Stream Pollution of the Yodo River

In order to obtain the composite pollution index which may be available as the evaluation of the degree of gross stream pollution, factor analysis was carried out using monthly water examination data from 1923 to 1958 at Kunijima intake crib. Ten items i.e. turbibity, pottasium permanganate consumed, color, general bacteria count, residue by evaporation, total nitrogen, chlor ion concentration, hardness, stream flow rate and stream water temperature were adopted as variables in factor analysis. From the results of factor analysis, three definite factors i.e. pollution factor, rainfall factor and air temerature factor were identified, and correlations between these three factors and ten variables were elucidated. Computing the β weights for pollution factor, the composite pollution index was obtained

Statistical Analysis on Stream Pollution : II. Time Series Analysis on Stream Pollution of the Yodo River

The time series analysis was carried out, using the composite pollution index calculated from the monthly water examination data from 1946 to 1960 at the Kunijima intake crib, in order to evaluate the stream pollution of the Yodo River in the future. From the results obtained, it was estimated that the composite pollution index will be increased by 1.2～2.6 with a 25% level of significance at the end of 1967

An Experimental Study on the Diffusion Characteristics of Turbulent Flow in a Low Speed Wind Tunnel

This paper describes the results of a study on diffusion characteristics of turbulent flow in a wind tunnel, in which the turbulent flow was obtained by a grid. The lateral turbulent velocity deviation ranged from 1.01 to 1.14 times the longitudinal turbulent velocity deviation for mean wind velocities from 2 to 8 m/sec and mesh sizes of grid from 4.5 to 13.5 cm, and the isotropic condition was almost satisfied. The decay of turbulence was expressed with the equation /U＝m(x/M)⁻α, where : longitudinal turbulent velocity variance, U : mean wind velocity, x : distance from the grid, M : mesh size of the grid, and α, m are constants. From 11 tracer gas experiments, we obtained the Lagrangian correlation coefficient and found the Lagrangian and Eulerian correlation coefficients had similar shapes within the range of time-lag from 0 to 400 milliseconds. The ratios of the Lagrangian to Eulerian time scale, β, were between 4 and 11

Cooperation among c-subunits of FoF1-ATP synthase in rotation-coupled proton translocation

In F₀F₁-ATP synthase, proton translocation through F₀ drives rotation of the c-subunit oligomeric ring relative to the a-subunit. Recent studies suggest that in each step of the rotation, key glutamic acid residues in different c-subunits contribute to proton release to and proton uptake from the a-subunit. However, no studies have demonstrated cooperativity among c-subunits toward F₀F₁-ATP synthase activity. Here, we addressed this using Bacillus PS3 ATP synthase harboring a c-ring with various combinations of wild-type and cE56D, enabled by genetically fused single-chain c-ring. ATP synthesis and proton pump activities were decreased by a single cE56D mutation and further decreased by double cE56D mutations. Moreover, activity further decreased as the two mutation sites were separated, indicating cooperation among c-subunits. Similar results were obtained for proton transfer-coupled molecular simulations. The simulations revealed that prolonged proton uptake in mutated c-subunits is shared between two c-subunits, explaining the cooperation observed in biochemical assays

Development of roof greening technology by wild plants growing on the coastal Ryukyu limestone to moderate heat island phenomenon

科研費番号: 195801752007年度～2009年度科学研究費補助金（基盤研究(Ｃ)）研究成果報告書研究概要（和文）：コンクリート建築物の屋上緑化とそのヒートアイランド緩和効果から、琉球石灰岩上の植物相、植生、生育基盤の性質および適正植物、植栽法、景観、普及・実態を調査した。植物は生態的生活形から機能性・活用性、優占度・群度で各5群に分類された。基盤土壌は石灰岩由来のカルシウムで植生の影響を強く受けた。コウライシバは季節間の生育量の差が小さく、温度緩和には全面張りがより効果的であった。景観、人の感覚性など総合的研究が望まれる。研究概要（英文） : We investigated a flora and vegetation on the coastal Ryukyu limestone, properties of bedrock, planting method of appropriate plant, scenery and present roof greening situation in Okinawa for developing a roof greening technology to moderate heat island phenomenon. The plants were classified into five groups considering life form, and they were also classified into five groups considering dominance/group degree through functionality and characteristics for practical uses. The base soil derived from limestone contains calcium, and the soil properties were strongly influenced by the vegetation. Among different species, Zoysia matrella var. pacifica showed a small growth difference between seasons, and the whole surface greening was more effective in temperature relaxation. A general study including the views and the sensory of human beings for the roof greening is expected in future.研究報告書http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18w

Additive Manufacturing of Micromanipulator Mounted on a Glass Capillary for Biological Applications

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) micromanipulator mounted on a glass capillary is developed for handling biological samples, such as multicellular spheroids and embryos. To fabricate the micromanipulator, we developed an additive manufacturing system based on high-resolution microstereolithography using a 405-nm blue laser. The fabrication system makes it possible to fabricate 3D microstructures on a glass capillary with 2.5 mu m lateral resolution and 25 mu m layer thickness. We also demonstrated the capture and release of a spheroid with the micromanipulator fabricated using our additive manufacturing system. We showed that spheroids can be easily handled by a simple operation with minimal damage using a cage-like multiple finger structure. Additive manufacturing of tailor-made micromanipulators mounted on a glass capillary will be useful in biological and tissue engineering research.journal articl

Bone beads enveloped with vascular endothelial cells for bone regenerative medicine *

The transplantation of pre-vascularized bone grafts is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of engraftment and bone regeneration. We propose a hydrogel microbead-based approach for preparing vascularized and high-density tissue grafts. Mesenchymal stem cell-encapsulated collagen microgels (2 & mu;L), termed bone beads, were prepared through spontaneous constriction, which improved the density of the mesenchymal stem cells and collagen molecules by more than 15-fold from the initial day of culture. Constriction was attributed to cell-attractive forces and involved better osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells than that of spheroids. This approach was scalable, and & SIM;20 0 0 bone beads were prepared semi-automatically using a liquid dispenser and spinner flask. The mechanical stimuli in the spinner flask further improved the osteogenic differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells in the bone beads compared with that in static culture. Vascular endothelial cells readily attach to and cover the surface of bone beads. The in vitro assembly of the endothelial cell-enveloped bone beads resulted in microchannel formation in the interspaces between the bone beads. Significant effects of endothelialization on in vivo bone regeneration were shown in rats with cranial bone defects. The use of endothelialized bone beads may be a scalable and robust approach for treating large bone defects. A unique aspect of this study is that the hMSC-encapsulated collagen microgels were prepared through spontaneous constriction, leading to the enrichment of collagen and cell density. This constriction resulted in favorable microenvironments for the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, which is superior to conventional spheroid culture. The microgel beads were then enveloped with vascular endothelial cells and assembled to fabricate a tissue graft with vasculature in the interspaces among the beads. The significant effects of endothelialization on in vivo bone regeneration were clearly demonstrated in rats with cranial bone defects. We believe that microgel beads covered with vascular endothelial cells provide a promising approach for engineering better tissue grafts for bone-regenerative medicine.& COPY; 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY licens ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )journal articl

Candidate Brown-dwarf Microlensing Events with Very Short Timescales and Small Angular Einstein Radii

Short-timescale microlensing events are likely to be produced by substellar brown dwarfs (BDs), but it is difficult to securely identify BD lenses based on only event timescales t_E because short-timescale events can also be produced by stellar lenses with high relative lens-source proper motions. In this paper, we report three strong candidate BD-lens events found from the search for lensing events not only with short timescales (t_E ≲ 6 days) but also with very small angular Einstein radii (θ_E ≲ 0.05 mas) among the events that have been found in the 2016–2019 observing seasons. These events include MOA-2017-BLG-147, MOA-2017-BLG-241, and MOA-2019-BLG-256, in which the first two events are produced by single lenses and the last event is produced by a binary lens. From the Monte Carlo simulations of Galactic events conducted with the combined t_E and θ_E constraint, it is estimated that the lens masses of the individual events are 0.051^(+0.100)_(−0.027) M⊙, 0.044^(+0.090)_(−0.023) M⊙, and 0.046^(+0.067)_(−0.023) M⊙/0.038^(+0.056)_(−0.019) M⊙ and the probability of the lens mass smaller than the lower limit of stars is ~80% for all events. We point out that routine lens mass measurements of short-timescale lensing events require survey-mode space-based observations