EINFÜHLUNG – INTERPRETATION – EINVERSTEHENDE APPERZEPTION. VERSUCH EINER KRITISCHEN ERKLÄRUNG DER ERSTEN AUSARBEITUNG EINER FREMDWAHRNEHMUNGSTHEORIE EDMUND HUSSERLS

Empathy – Interpretation – (Interpreting) Apperception. Attempts to Explain Husserl’s First Steps Towards a Theory of Intersubjectivity. The aim of this paper is to investigate Husserl’s first steps towards a theory of intersubjectivity and his early attempts to solve the intricate questions pertaining to the constitution of alter ego. The starting point of this investigation is Husserl’s critical examination of the concept of empathy theorized by Th. Lipps and his contention that empathy cannot be a passive and rather quasi-instinctive activity of the ego, but must be grounded in a kind of analogy between my own body and that of the other. This first attempt to explain in phenomenological terms how an ego can be aware of and perceive other thigs as egos is marred by difficulties that force Husserl to constantly rethink the question of the constitution of the alter ego and propose new ways of conceiving the special kind of apperception that opens up the possibility of perceiving the others as alter egos

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Leben in Entlastung

Stefan Waller, Leben in Entlastung. Mensch und Naturzweck bei Arnold Gehlen, UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, Konstanz und München 2015, 300 p

Synthesis of 2-Pyrrolydinyl-1,3-Dithiolium Derivatives from Propiophenones

Novel bromo-substituted 4-(2-hydroxyaryl)-5-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylium perchlorates have been synthesized by the heterocondensation of the corresponding 1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl dithiocarbamates. The latter compounds have been obtained from the reaction of the corresponding substituted a-bromopropiophenones with pyrrolidinium pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate. The mesoionic 4-(2-pyrrolidinyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylium-4-yl)phenolates have been obtained from the corresponding 1,3-dithiolium perchlorates under weak basic conditions. These compounds were characterized by NMR and MS spectrometry, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy. </jats:p

Synthesis of 4-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene Derivatives

The reaction of 4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dithiolium perchlorates with various methylene active compounds has provided the corresponding 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene derivatives. The reactions have been performed under basic conditions using DBU. The newly obtained derivatives were characterized by NMR, MS spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. </jats:p

A Retrospective Analysis of the Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Dental Implants Placed in Romanian Patients

This study aimed to assess the favorable or unfavorable progress of dental implants in a patient sample from Oradea, Romania, considering different variables. A secondary objective was to describe the characteristics of the study sample, as well as different aspects regarding the implants used. This retrospective study analyzed medical records from 1 January 2018, to 1 January 2022, of patients at a dental clinic in Oradea, Romania, who received at least one dental implant. Variables examined included gender, age, systemic diseases, implant location, implant type, and timing of insertion. Clinical and radiological evaluations, using CBCT immediately postplacement and at six months, assessed implant stability and absence of complications. A standardized three-month loading time postinsertion was followed. Exclusion criteria included lack of follow-up, implants placed elsewhere, or incomplete medical records. Quantitative variables were assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test and nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests). Fisher’s Exact test analyzed qualitative variables, with Z-tests and Dunn–Bonferroni tests providing detailed results. The study included 344 implants, with 153 (44.5%) placed in female patients and 191 (55.5%) in male patients. Most implants were bone level (61.6%, n = 212) and had a delayed placement (82.6%, n = 284). The majority were situated in the upper posterior dental arch (39.2%, n = 135). Notably, 96.5% (n = 332) of the implants exhibited a positive outcome, irrespective of age, gender, or associated systemic diseases. Immediate postextraction implants displayed a significantly higher association with a negative outcome (41.7% vs. 16.6%), whereas delayed placements were more frequently linked with a positive outcome (83.4% vs. 58.3%) (p=0.040). Employing established techniques and protocols for dental implant insertion led to consistently positive outcomes, irrespective of the implant type, insertion timing, or location. Patient’s age, gender, and associated diseases did not significantly impact implant outcome, highlighting the robustness of these methods in achieving favorable results