Topological charges in 2d N=(2,2) theories and massive BPS states

We study how charges of global symmetries that are manifest in the ultra-violet definition of a theory are realized as topological charges in its infra-red effective theory for two-dimensional theories with $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ supersymmetry. We focus on the charges that the states living on $S^1$ carry. The central charge---or BPS masses---of the supersymmetry algebra play a crucial role in making this correspondence precise. We study two examples: $U(1)$ gauge theories with chiral matter, and world-volume theories of "dynamical surface operators" of 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauge theories. In the former example, we show that the flavor charges of the theory are realized as topological winding numbers in the effective theory on the Coulomb branch. In the latter, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between topological charges of the effective theory of the dynamical surface operator and the electric, magnetic, and flavor charges of the 4d gauge theory. We also examine the topologically charged massive BPS states on $S^1$ and discover that the massive BPS spectrum is sensitive to the radius of the circle in the simplest theory---the free theory of a periodic twisted chiral field. We clarify this behavior by showing that the massive BPS spectrum on $S^1$, unlike the BPS ground states, cannot be identified as elements of a cohomology.Comment: 12 pages; v2: results generalized, appendix added following referee's recommendation

Uplink Multiuser MIMO Detection Scheme with Reduced Computational Complexity

The wireless communication systems with multiple antennas have recently received significant attention due to their higher capacity and better immunity to fading channels as compared to single antenna systems. A fast antenna selection scheme has been introduced for the uplink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection to achieve diversity gains, but the computational complexity of the fast antenna selection scheme in multiuser systems is very high due to repetitive pseudo-inversion computations. In this paper, a new uplink multiuser detection scheme is proposed adopting a switch-and-examine combining (SEC) scheme and the Cholesky decomposition to solve the computational complexity problem. K users are considered that each users is equipped with two transmit antennas for Alamouti space-time block code (STBC) over wireless Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results show that the computational complexity of the proposed scheme is much lower than the systems with exhaustive and fast antenna selection, while the proposed scheme does not experience the degradations of bit error rate (BER) performances

A Staggered Explicit-Implicit Finite Element Formulation for Electroactive Polymers

Electroactive polymers such as dielectric elastomers (DEs) have attracted significant attention in recent years. Computational techniques to solve the coupled electromechanical system of equations for this class of materials have universally centered around fully coupled monolithic formulations, which while generating good accuracy requires significant computational expense. However, this has significantly hindered the ability to solve large scale, fully three-dimensional problems involving complex deformations and electromechanical instabilities of DEs. In this work, we provide theoretical basis for the effectiveness and accuracy of staggered explicit-implicit finite element formulations for this class of electromechanically coupled materials, and elicit the simplicity of the resulting staggered formulation. We demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the staggered approach by solving complex electromechanically coupled problems involving electroactive polymers, where we focus on problems involving electromechanical instabilities such as creasing, wrinkling, and bursting drops. In all examples, essentially identical results to the fully monolithic solution are obtained, showing the accuracy of the staggered approach at a significantly reduced computational cost

Investigation on the Tachyonic Neutrino

According to the experimental data, it is still controversial whether the neutrinos, especially the electron-neutrino and muon-neutrino, can be considered as the fermionic spinorial tachyons, and there is still no reliable report on the existence of the right-handed neutrinos. In this letter, we show that the neutrinos with the single handedness can not be the tachyons, but only those of the both handedness can be. Several implications of this result are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, latex, no figure