Spontaneous breaking of time reversal symmetry in strongly interacting two dimensional electron layers in silicon and germanium

We report experimental evidence of a remarkable spontaneous time reversal symmetry breaking in two dimensional electron systems formed by atomically confined doping of phosphorus (P) atoms inside bulk crystalline silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge). Weak localization corrections to the conductivity and the universal conductance fluctuations were both found to decrease rapidly with decreasing doping in the Si:P and Ge:P $\delta-$layers, suggesting an effect driven by Coulomb interactions. In-plane magnetotransport measurements indicate the presence of intrinsic local spin fluctuations at low doping, providing a microscopic mechanism for spontaneous lifting of the time reversal symmetry. Our experiments suggest the emergence of a new many-body quantum state when two dimensional electrons are confined to narrow half-filled impurity bands

Handwritten Digit Recognition Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Handwritten character recognition is one of the practically important issues in pattern recognition applications. The applications of digit recognition includes in postal mail sorting, bank check processing, form data entry, etc. The heart of the problem lies within the ability to develop an efficient algorithm that can recognize hand written digits and which is submitted by users by the way of a scanner, tablet, and other digital devices. This paper presents an approach to off-line handwritten digit recognition based on different machine learning technique. The main objective of this paper is to ensure effective and reliable approaches for recognition of handwritten digits. Several machines learning algorithm namely, Multilayer Perceptron, Support Vector Machine, NaFDA5; Bayes, Bayes Net, Random Forest, J48 and Random Tree has been used for the recognition of digits using WEKA. The result of this paper shows that highest 90.37% accuracy has been obtained for Multilayer Perceptron

A NEW SPECIES OF AIOLOPUS FIEBER (ACRIDIDAE: OEDIPODINAE FROM RANCHI (JHARKHAND)

The genus Aiolopus Fieber, 1853 is represented by three species A. simulatrix (Walker), A. tamulus (Fabricius) and A. thalassinus (Fabricius) from India. During the course of the survey of Jharkhand apart from some old described species, a new species viz. A. ranchiensis sp. n. have been found which has been described with six illustrations and a revised key to accommodate the new species is also provided

Combustion and Emission Analysis of Mahua and Jujube Biodiesel Blends as Fuel in a CI Engine

This present study on biodiesel blends shows the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the DI diesel engine, which is been run independently on direct diesel fuel, 20% blending of zizipus jujbe methyl ester (ZJME20), and 20% blending of mahua methyl ester (MME20) with diesel. In this study, the tested fuels were obtained by catalytic transesterification process. Based on the experimental results, MME20 is favorable for less HC, CO, and smoke density than diesel and ZJME20. Based on the brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption, MME20 is better when compared with ZJME20. The result also showed momentous improvement in the heat releasing rate due to the better performance characteristic of MME20

Prevalence and severity of depression among undergraduate students in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross sectional study

Purpose: To highlight the prevalence and severity of depression among undergraduate students in public and private universities in Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 408 undergraduate students from both public and private universities in Karachi, Pakistan completed Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) questionnaire to appraise the presence and extent of depression among the participants. Their sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender and course of study as well as drug use data were also collected and analyzed.Results: Depression prevalence was 53.43 % (38.07 % for males and 61.00 % for females). A significant disparity in the prevalence of depression across ethnicity was observed. Less than 50 % (n = 163) of the students were satisfied with their duration of degree course work while 111 (27.20 %) participants were not sure about this. The intensity of depression increased with declining satisfaction level (Gamma = 0.264, p = 0.001) which affected the performance and results of students during their studies. A majority of the participants (89 %, n = 358) of our study have never used medicines to alter their mood.Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding the unique strains and mental health effect of university education on undergraduate students, especially female students.Keywords: Depression, Undergraduate students, Mood alteration, Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), Mental health, Risk assessmen

Impacts Of Fertilizer Application On Soil Properties At Kaharole Upazila Of Dinajpur District In Bangladesh

The study was conducted to investigate the impacts of fertilizer application on soil properties in Kaharole upazila of Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. Samples were collected to analyze the variation of soil nutrients in three cropping seasons: season-1 (March-April, 2013), season-2 (August-September, 2013) and season-3 (January-February, 2014). In each season 10 samples, 6 from conventionally cultivated soil (CCS) and 4 from organic fertilized soil (OFS), were collected from 10 randomly selected sampling points. The study observed acidic soil pH in all three cropping seasons, while soil pH was decreasing gradually with fertilizer application. The results of the study clearly depicted that all the soil nutrient contents and OM decreased with the application of fertilizers in different cropping seasons except Zn and Fe. The OFS contains relatively higher amount of OM and essential nutrients than CCS except Fe and Zn. The study shows that the continuous application of fertilizer in agricultural lands reduces soil fertility evolving nutrient deficiency in the soil; resulting in reduced crop productivity