Association between eGFR and detectable hs-cTnT.

<p> <b>Note:</b></p><p>Model 1: Adjusted for the high predicted Framingham CHD risk (10-year risk >20%).</p><p>Model 2: Adjusted for model 1 plus levels of body mass index; waist circumference and waist-hip ratio.</p><p>Model 3: Adjusted for model 2 plus levels of fasting glucose, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine and NT-proBNP.</p

Association between the high predicted Framingham CHD risk (10-year risk >20%) and detectable hs-cTnT in different quartile level of eGFR.

<p> <b>Note:</b></p>a<p>Adjusted for body mass index; waist circumference and waist-hip ratio.</p>b<p>Adjusted for model 1 plus levels of fasting glucose, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine and NT-proBNP.</p

Pearson's correlation and Multiple linear regression analysis for the association between eGFR and the hs-cTnT levels.

<p><b>Note</b>: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels were natural logarithm transformed. BMI, body-mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.</p

Association between HDL-C and eGFR in all participants.

<p>Note:</p><p>Model 1: Adjusted for age and gender.</p><p>Model 2: Adjusted for model 1 variables plus smoking status, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes mellitus. </p><p>Model 3: Adjusted for model 2 variables plus BMI, WC, WHR, SBP, and DBP</p><p>Model 4: Adjusted for with all the variables.</p

The clinical characteristics of the study participants.

<p>Note: Characteristics are reported as percentages for categorical variables and means (±SD) or medians (with interquartile range) for continuous variables. The study participants were divided into four groups based on eGFR quartiles ((≥102.35, 92.42–102.34, 83.67–92.41, and ≤83.66 mL/min/ 1.73 m²). Categorical variables are presented as counts and percentages. The values outside the parentheses are the number of subjects, and the prevalence is presented in parentheses.</p><p>The first quartile of eGFR was used as the reference.</p><p>* p<0.05 vs. Quartile 1.</p><p>** p<0.01 vs. Quartile 1.</p><p>Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.</p

Image3_The application of short and highly polymorphic microhaplotype loci in paternity testing and sibling testing of temperature-dependent degraded samples.PNG

Paternity testing and sibling testing become more complex and difficult when samples degrade. But the commonly used genetic markers (STR and SNP) cannot completely solve this problem due to some disadvantages. The novel genetic marker microhaplotype proposed by Kidd’s research group combines the advantages of STR and SNP and is expected to become a promising genetic marker for kinship testing in degraded samples. Therefore, in this study, we intended to select an appropriate number of highly polymorphic SNP-based microhaplotype loci, detect them by the next-generation sequencing technology, analyze their ability to detect degraded samples, calculate their forensic parameters based on the collected 96 unrelated individuals, and evaluate their effectiveness in paternity testing and sibling testing by simulating kinship relationship pairs, which were also compared to 15 STR loci. Finally, a short and highly polymorphic microhaplotype panel was developed, containing 36 highly polymorphic SNP-based microhaplotype loci with lengths smaller than 100 bp and Ae greater than 3.00, of which 29 microhaplotype loci could not reject the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage equilibrium after the Bonferroni correction. The CPD and CPE of these 29 microhaplotype loci were 1-2.96E-26 and 1-5.45E-09, respectively. No allele dropout was observed in degraded samples incubated with 100°C hot water for 40min and 60min. According to the simulated kinship analysis, the effectiveness at the threshold of 4/−4 reached 98.39% for relationship parent-child vs. unrelated individuals, and the effectiveness at the threshold of 2/−2 for relationship full-sibling vs. unrelated individuals was 93.01%, which was greater than that of 15 STR loci (86.75% for relationship parent-child vs. unrelated individuals and 81.73% for relationship full-sibling vs. unrelated individuals). After combining our 29 microhaplotype loci with other 50 short and highly polymorphic microhaplotype loci, the effectiveness values at the threshold of 2/−2 were 82.42% and 90.89% for relationship half-sibling vs. unrelated individuals and full-sibling vs. half-sibling. The short and highly polymorphic microhaplotype panel we developed may be very useful for paternity testing and full sibling testing in degraded samples, and in combination with short and highly polymorphic microhaplotype loci reported by other researchers, may be helpful to analyze more distant kinship relationships.</p