Performance of Promising Hybrid Rice in Two Different Elevations of Irrigated Lowland in Indonesia

The hybrid rice program has been established since early 1990's at the Indonesia Center for Rice Research (ICRR). Twenty-four experimental hybrid rice varieties which have been developed were tested in lowland rice fields in Sukamandi (West Java) and Batang (Central Java) during the dry season and the rainy season of 2012. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used in each location. The results showed that grains yields were affected by locations, seasons, and genotypes. The genotypes x locations x seasons interaction effect was significant; therefore, the best hybrid was different for each location and season. A7/PK36 hybrid has the best performance in Batang during the dry season, while A7/PK40 and A7/PK32 are the best hybrids in the rainy season. In Sukamandi, nine hybrids were identified as better yielder than that of the check cultivar in the dry season, but not so in the rainy season. Using the correlation and path analysis, we found that the number of panicles per hill and the number of filled grains per panicle could be used as selection criteria for yield in hybrid rice

Stabilitas Dan Potensi Hasil Varietas Unggul Baru Padi Hibrida

Nineteen field experiments were conducted in the provinces of West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Bali, during the 2008 dry season and the 2008/2009 wet season, to determine yield potential, yield stability, resistance to pests and diseases, and to evaluate the grain qualities of five introduced hybrid rice varieties and four hybrids from the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). In each location, the experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, using 4 m x 5 m plot size. Observations were made on grain yields, yield components, plant resistant to major pests and diseases, and grain quality. The plant resistance to brown plant hopper (BPH), bacterial leaf blight (BLB), and tungro was evaluated at the glasshouse. Results showed that in some locations the hybrid rice yielded significantly higher than did inbred variety Ciherang, but it was inconsistence over locations. In the dry season, the average yields of hybrid rice were higher than those in the wet season. The average yield of two hybrids, namely MR1 and H30 over 19 locations was each significantly higher than that of Ciherang, however, the difference was not more than 9.6%. These two hybrids were found adaptive to all locations. Hybrid MR1 was resistant to BLB [Xanthomonas oryzae pv, oryzae (Xoo) patotipe III], whereas H30 was moderately resistant to Xoo pathotype III and BPH biotype 3. The amylose contents of MR1 and H30 was medium and the head rice percentages was >80%

Evaluasi Galur Haploid Ganda Pelestari Hasil Kultur Antera untuk Perakitan Galur Mandul Jantan pada Padi

Hybrid rice has been proven to be the key factor to increase food supply in highly populated countries such as China and India. The success has encouraged the government of Indonesia to intensify research and development on hybrid rice using cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility system. The use of good male sterile line is a prerequisite for commercial seed production of hybrid rice. The objective of this research was to evaluate several F1 plants to develop completely sterile cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS) with good agronomic characters. This research was conducted at screen house of Bogor Agricultural University during dry season (DS) of 2007. Fourty eight F1s, derived from testcross between cytoplasmic male sterile sources with doubled-haploid (DH) maintainer lines, were evaluated in randomized complete design using three replications. Observation was done on pollen sterility, panicle and stigma exsertion, plant height, and tillering ability. The results showed 14 F1s were completely sterile (100 % pollen sterility). They were A-2/H36-3-Ma, A-1/H36-3-Mb, A-2/H36-3-Mb, A-3/H36-3-Mb, A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-1-Mb, A-3/B1-1-Mb, A-1/B1-2-Pa, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-3/B2-1-M, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-3/B4-1-Da, A-1/B4-1-Dc, and A-3/B4-1-Dc. They also had early flowering date, averaged from 66 - 90 days after planting (DAP). There were other 14 F1s with stigma exsertion more than 70 % and good panicle exsertion, i.e. A-2/H36-3-Mb, A-1/H36-3-Mc, A-2/H36-3-Mc, A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-2-Pa, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-3/B2-1-Db, A-1/B2-1-Dc, A-1/B2-1-M, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-3/B2-4-Pb, A-2/B4-1-Da, A-1/B4-1-Dc and A-3/B4-1-Dc. However, only five F1s had all desirable characteristics as male sterile line candidates, such as 100% pollen sterility, good panicle exsertion, high stigma exsertion, semi-dwarf in plant height and good tillering ability. They were A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-1/B4-1-Dc, A-3/B4-1-Dc

Karakter Agronomi Dan Ketahanan Beberapa Galur Pelestari Dihaploid Terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri

Agronomic Characters and Resistance of Several Dihaploid Maintainer Lines to Bacterial Leaf Blight. Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo) is one of the most serious diseases of rice in Indonesia. From previous research thirteen lines of dihaploid (DH) maintainer lines-derived anther culture were selected for developing cytoplasmic male sterile lines. In this research those DH maintainers were evaluated for their agronomic characters such as plant height, number of productive tiller, and seed weight per hill as well as their resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) pathotypes III, IV and VIII at Indonesian Center Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi during wet season 2008/2009. The results showed that 10 DH maintainer lines i.e. BioMAc18-H36-3-Ma, BioMAc19-H36-3-Mb, BioMAc20- H36-3-Mc, BioMAc21-H36-4-M, BioMAc26-B1-1-Mb, BioMAc29-B2-1-Db, BioMAc31-B2-1-M, BioMAc33-B2-4- Pb, BioMAc34-B4-1-Da and BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc having plant height ranged from 88.79-104.08 cm, productive tiller ranged from 9 to 13 tillers/hill. Among those DH maintainer lines three lines were resistant to BLB pathotype III, i.e. BioMAc26-B1-1-Mb, BioMAc29-B2-1-Db and BioMAc31- B2-1-M lines, and two lines, i.e. BioMAc21-H36-4-M and BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc were highly resistant to BLB pathotype VIII. Only BioMAc35-B4-1-Dc lines highly resistant to BLB pathotype IV

Morfologi Bunga Dan Korelasinya Terhadap Kemampuan Menyerbuk Silang Galur Mandul Jantan Padi

Good male sterile lines should have high and stable sterility, as well as have good characters of flowers that enhances the outcrossing ability. Research was conducted at Sukamandi field station during DS of 2010 to study the character and flowering behaviour and their genetic variability among the new CMS lines. Five new CMS lines were tested in the field in three replicates of randomized complete block design. The results showed that CMS derived from the Wild Abortive, Kalinga and Gambiaca all were early flowering. The new CMS lines have better flower characters than that of IR58025A, including the following: bigger stigma, higher stigma exsertion percentage, wider degree of glume opening, and longer duration of glume opening. Better flowering behaviour enhanced the ability of outcrossing, and resulted in seed set obtained from CMS lines, up to 25.90%; the traditional IR58025A CMS line produced seed set of only 2.98%. The significant positive correlation was found between seed set with stigma width (r = 0.44*), with stigma exsertion (r = 0.54*); and with degree of glume opening of male sterile lines (r = 0.42*); also with filament length (r = 0.47*) and degree of glume opening of maintainer line (r = 0.57**). Those characters are important for the seed set of CMS lines in the hybrid seed production

Korelasi Hasil Gabah Dan Komponen Hasil Padi Hibrida

One of the objectives in rice breeding is to increase grain yield. Grain yield is quantitative characters that are complex and highly influenced by the environment. The selection of superior genotypes should not only base on grain yield, but also need to consider characters that associated with grain yield. This research was to evaluate the relation between grain yield and yield components of experimental hybrid rice. The information would be useful for determining selection criteria in preliminary and advanced yield trial. The experiment was conducted during the rainy season (November-February) of 2013 in Cilacap, Central Java and in Malang, East Java, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. A total of 18 experimental hybrid rice and two check varieties, namely Hipa 8 and Ciherang were used in the study. Results showed that grain yield was affected by locations, genotypes and interaction between locations and genoptypes. The average yield of Hipa 8 was 9 t/ha, while Ciherang was 8.78 t/ha. Panicle length, 1,000 seed weight, percentage of filled grain and number of productive tillers as yield components gave positive effects on the increased of grain yield and could be used as selection criteria for choosing genotype among experimental hybrid rice. There were two experimental hybrids, i.e. A7/BH25B-1B (9.13 t/ha) and A1/CRS516 (9.15 t/ha) that produce the highest grain yield and are potential to be released as new hybrid variety

ADOPSI VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU PADI DI LAHAN RAWA

This research was conducted using a survey method carried out in two districts in the South Sumatra region namely Ogan Ilir and Banyuasin starting in March 2019. Ogan Ilir Regency represents the lebak swamp area while Banyuasin represents the Pasangsurut swamp area. The selection of provinces is determined by purposive sampling, which is chosen provinces that have a fairly large swampy land. Data collected includes: (1) Characteristics of respondents (age, sex, education, land area / arable land, (2) Reasons for choosing a vub to plant, (3) source of seeds and seed classes planted, and (4) data and information other relevant to the purpose of the study.This study aims to identify the level of adoption and development of new superior varieties (VUB) of rice in swamps and identify the reasons for farmers in adopting and planting VUBs.From the results of the study revealed that Ciherang is a common variety planted by respondents in Ogan Ilir, while IR 42 is a variety commonly planted in Banyuasin, transplanting planting is done twice by seedlings, generally done by respondents in Ogan Ilir, while seed planting is directly carried out by respondents in Banyuasin, most respondents in Ogan Ilir are not familiar with Inpara varieties, varieties planted in the two districts are generally not labeled.Some of the reasons cited by farmers grow varieties between high production, short service life, and pest resistance data Distribution of varieties in South Sumatra shows that Ciherang is still the dominant variety, while Inpara has not been recorded in the data held by local agencies