Study on tubing string safety during perforation detonation in ultra-deep wells

To address the challenge of quantitatively predicting the wellbore pressure and the force of the tubing string below the packer during the perforation detonation, a prediction model for the wellbore pressure and the axial force of the tubing string is established. The evolution laws of the wellbore pressure and the axial force of the tubing are analyzed. The sensitivity analysis of four primary controlling factors is further studied. The obtained results indicate that the peak pressure of the wellbore at the bottom of the perforating gun is the cause of the tubing string failure. The relative error of the predicted peak pressure of the wellbore is 2.22%. The major sensitive parameters affecting the peak pressure of the wellbore at the bottom of the perforating gun and the peak axial force at the bottom of the tubing are ranked as follows: the initial wellbore pressure, the shot density, the explosive mass, and the perforating fluid density. The work presented can provide a theoretical foundation and technological basis for the quantification of the wellbore pressure and the force of the tubing string during the perforation detonation, which is critical for well completion design and wellbore safety evaluation.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Research on the cascading mechanism of “urban built environment-air pollution-respiratory diseases”: a case of Wuhan city.ZIP

BackgroundMost existing studies have only investigated the direct effects of the built environment on respiratory diseases. However, there is mounting evidence that the built environment of cities has an indirect influence on public health via influencing air pollution. Exploring the “urban built environment-air pollution-respiratory diseases” cascade mechanism is important for creating a healthy respiratory environment, which is the aim of this study.MethodsThe study gathered clinical data from 2015 to 2017 on patients with respiratory diseases from Tongji Hospital in Wuhan. Additionally, daily air pollution levels (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), and ozone (O3)), meteorological data (average temperature and relative humidity), and data on urban built environment were gathered. We used Spearman correlation to investigate the connection between air pollution and meteorological variables; distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to investigate the short-term relationships between respiratory diseases, air pollutants, and meteorological factors; the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in the built environment on air pollution were examined using the multiscale geographically weighted regression model (MGWR).ResultsDuring the study period, the mean level of respiratory diseases (average age 54) was 15.97 persons per day, of which 9.519 for males (average age 57) and 6.451 for females (average age 48); the 24 h mean levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and O3 were 78.056 μg/m3, 71.962 μg/m3, 54.468 μg/m3, 12.898 μg/m3, and 46.904 μg/m3, respectively; highest association was investigated between PM10 and SO2 (r = 0.762, p 2 and PM2.5 (r = 0.73, p 10 and PM2.5 (r = 0.704, p 2 on respiratory diseases, for lag 0 day and lag 1 day, a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration corresponded to 1.009% (95% CI: 1.001, 1.017%) and 1.005% (95% CI: 1.001, 1.011%) increase of respiratory diseases. The spatial distribution of NO2 was significantly influenced by high-density urban development (population density, building density, number of shopping service facilities, and construction land, the bandwidth of these four factors are 43), while green space and parks can effectively reduce air pollution (R2 = 0.649).ConclusionPrevious studies have focused on the effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and the effects of built environment on air pollution, while this study combines these three aspects and explores the relationship between them. Furthermore, the theory of the “built environment-air pollution-respiratory diseases” cascading mechanism is practically investigated and broken down into specific experimental steps, which has not been found in previous studies. Additionally, we observed a lag effect of NO2 on respiratory diseases and spatial heterogeneity of built environment in the distribution of NO2.</p

Additional file 1 of De-escalation of antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention among East Asians and non-East Asians: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Risk of bias summary for all included randomized controlled trials. Figure S2. Forest plot of the risk estimates for myocardial infraction in patients treated with de-escalation of D-DAPT compared to S-DAPT. Figure S3. Forest plot of the risk estimates for stent thrombosis in patients treated with de-escalation of D-DAPT compared to S-DAPT. Figure S4. Forest plot of the risk estimates for repeat revascularization in patients treated with de-escalation of D-DAPT compared to S-DAPT. Figure S5. Forest plot of the risk estimates for stroke in patients treated with de-escalation of D-DAPT compared to S-DAPT. Figure S6. Funnel plots of the included studies. A, funnel plot for major adverse cardiovascular events; B, funnel plot for major bleeding. Figure S7a. Forest plot of the risk estimates for MACE in patients treated with de-escalation of D-DAPT compared to S-DAPT for sensitivity analysis. Figure S7b. Forest plot of the risk estimates for Major bleeding in patients treated with de-escalation of D-DAPT compared to S-DAPT for sensitivity analysis

Additional file 2 of De-escalation of antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention among East Asians and non-East Asians: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Additional file 2: Table S1. PubMed. Table S2. Cochrane Library. Table S3. Embase Table S4. Subgroup analyses of primary outcomes between D-DAPT and S-DAPT strategies in overall population

Surfactants Improving the Wetting Behavior and Adhesion Mechanism of Pesticide Dilution Droplets on Jujube Leaf Surfaces

Fruit tree leaves have different chemical compositions and diverse wax layer structures that result in different patterns of wetting and pesticide solution spreading on their surface. Fruit development is a time when pests and diseases occur, during which a large number of pesticides are needed. The wetting and diffusion properties of pesticide droplets on fruit tree leaves were relatively poor. To solve this problem, the wetting characteristics of leaf surfaces with different surfactants were studied. The contact angle, surface tension, adhesive tension, adhesion work, and solid–liquid interfacial tension of five surfactant solution droplets on jujube leaf surfaces during fruit growth were studied by the sessile drop method. C12E5 and Triton X-100 have the best wetting effects. Two surfactants were added to a 3% beta-cyfluthrin emulsion in water, and field efficacy tests were carried out on peach fruit moths in a jujube orchard at different dilutions. The control effect is as high as 90%. During the initial stage when the concentration is low, due to the surface roughness of the leaves, the surfactant molecules adsorbed at the gas–liquid and solid–liquid interfaces reach an equilibrium, and the contact angle on the leaf surface changes slightly. With increasing surfactant concentration, the pinning effect in the spatial structure on the leaf surface is overcome by liquid droplets, thereby significantly decreasing the contact angle. When the concentration is further increased, the surfactant molecules form a saturated adsorption layer on the leaf surface. Due to the existence of a precursor water film in the droplets, surfactant molecules on the interface continuously move to the water film on the surface of jujube tree leaves, thus causing interactions between the droplets and the leaves. The conclusion of this study provides theoretical guidance for the wettability and adhesion of pesticides on jujube leaves, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing pesticide use and improving pesticide efficacy

Data_Sheet_1_Effect of Shenfu Injection on Reperfusion Injury in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.DOCX

Background: Shenfu injection is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation that alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple pharmacologic effects. However, no data are available regarding its efficacy in patients with myocardial infarction. We aimed to examine the effects of Shenfu injection on infarct size in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: From April 2016 to February 2018, 40 patients with first-time anterior STEMI undergoing primary PCI within 6 h of symptom onset were randomized 1:1 to intravenous Shenfu injection (80 ml Shenfu injection + 70 ml 5% glucose injection) or placebo (150 ml 5% glucose injection) before reperfusion. Treatment started before PCI and maintained for 5 days after PCI. The primary end point was infarct size assessed by CK-MB area under the curve (AUC) over 72 h and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging 4 ± 1 days after PCI.Results: Infarct size by area under the curve for CK-MB over 72 h did not differ between the Shenfu injection and placebo groups (5602.5 [3539.4–7526.4] vs. 6403.2 [2234.4–8340.6] ng·h/ml, P = 0.82). Among 32 patients who underwent CMR Imaging, a nominal reduction in infarct size was observed in the Shenfu injection group compared with the placebo group (23.9 [15.2–28.5] % vs. 27 [21.9–31.9] %, P = 0.42). After excluding patients with no or minimal infarct, there was a trend toward reduction in infarct size in the Shenfu injection group (24.1 [20.3–29.3] % vs. 29.1 [24.5–32] %, P = 0.18). Incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups.Conclusions: This pilot study showed that the use of Shenfu injection was safe but did not reduce infarct size by CMR Imaging and CK-MB release kinetics in reperfused patients with STEMI. Larger studies (confining to patients with extensive infarct size) to evaluate the efficacy of Shenfu injection on reperfusion injury are warranted.Clinical Trail Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02709798.</p

Vapor-Assisted Synthesis of Nanosized Beta-Zeolite from Natural Ores and Using as Efficient Catalysts for Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation

The nanosize Beta-zeolites with hierarchical structures were time efficiently synthesized from natural diatomite and ball clays under 150 °C via a vapor-assisted method with the absence of solvents and F– anions. The Sn­(IV) species were incorporated within frameworks of the presynthesized Beta-zeolite using a modified treatment of acid and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH). The dealumination and reconstruction of zeolite frameworks were essential. A high atomic ratio of Si/Sn = 63.95 was obtained and the Sn­(IV) species were in a tetrahedral coordination in the zeolite framework, as confirmed by various characterizations. The Sn-Beta zeolites show excellent performance in the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation reaction for the conversion of cyclohexanone to ε-caprolactone, with 63.3% conversion of cyclohexanone and superior selectivity for ε-caprolactone. The durability and stability of the catalyst was acceptable, as evidenced by a slight decrease in conversion of only 2.5% after 5 catalytic runs. These demonstrated a prototype practice in synthesizing Sn-Beta zeolites from natural ores and applicable catalysis in green chemistry

sj-tiff-1-jhc-10.1369_00221554231161693 – Supplemental material for Multiplex Immunofluorescence Image Quality Checking Using DAPI Channel–referenced Evaluation

Supplemental material, sj-tiff-1-jhc-10.1369_00221554231161693 for Multiplex Immunofluorescence Image Quality Checking Using DAPI Channel–referenced Evaluation by Jun Jiang, Raymond Moore, Clarissa E. Jordan, Ruifeng Guo, Rachel L. Maus, Hongfang Liu, Ellen Goode, Svetomir N. Markovic and Chen Wang in Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry</p

sj-tiff-2-jhc-10.1369_00221554231161693 – Supplemental material for Multiplex Immunofluorescence Image Quality Checking Using DAPI Channel–referenced Evaluation

Supplemental material, sj-tiff-2-jhc-10.1369_00221554231161693 for Multiplex Immunofluorescence Image Quality Checking Using DAPI Channel–referenced Evaluation by Jun Jiang, Raymond Moore, Clarissa E. Jordan, Ruifeng Guo, Rachel L. Maus, Hongfang Liu, Ellen Goode, Svetomir N. Markovic and Chen Wang in Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry</p

Image_6_Computational tumor stroma reaction evaluation led to novel prognosis-associated fibrosis and molecular signature discoveries in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.TIF

BackgroundAs one of the key criteria to differentiate benign vs. malignant tumors in ovarian and other solid cancers, tumor-stroma reaction (TSR) is long observed by pathologists and has been found correlated with patient prognosis. However, paucity of study aims to overcome subjective bias or automate TSR evaluation for enabling association analysis to a large cohort.Materials and methodsServing as positive and negative sets of TSR studies, H&E slides of primary tumors of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) (n = 291) and serous borderline ovarian tumor (SBOT) (n = 15) were digitally scanned. Three pathologist-defined quantification criteria were used to characterize the extents of TSR. Scores for each criterion were annotated (0/1/2 as none-low/intermediate/high) in the training set consisting of 18,265 H&E patches. Serial of deep learning (DL) models were trained to identify tumor vs. stroma regions and predict TSR scores. After cross-validation and independent validations, the trained models were generalized to the entire HGSOC cohort and correlated with clinical characteristics. In a subset of cases tumor transcriptomes were available, gene- and pathway-level association studies were conducted with TSR scores.ResultsThe trained models accurately identified the tumor stroma tissue regions and predicted TSR scores. Within tumor stroma interface region, TSR fibrosis scores were strongly associated with patient prognosis. Cancer signaling aberrations associated 14 KEGG pathways were also found positively correlated with TSR-fibrosis score.ConclusionWith the aid of DL, TSR evaluation could be generalized to large cohort to enable prognostic association analysis and facilitate discovering novel gene and pathways associated with disease progress.</p