Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Media IPAD (I-Learning)

The information technology plays an urgent role in our everyday life and in the practice of education as well. When it is well-planned and prepared, it has effective functions as the media of learning. Therefore, for the sake of making an active and dynamic process of learning and accomplishing the learning objectives, the Arabic lecturers/teachers must create an interesting, inovative, effective and creative learning practices. The technology, media of learning, as well as learning strategy the lectures/teachers take and implement will seriousely influence the output of students\u27 learning. Electronic Learning and i-learning (iPad learning) are two medias of Arabic learning that use internet in learning process. If it is well-prepared it will automatically raise the learning output

Theory and Applications of Goos-Hänchen Shift Based On Guided Mode Resonance

An innovative approach to describe and implement the Goos-Hänchen shift theory and applications in the nano-photonic area is presented. The Goos-Hänchen shift is an optical phenomenon in which linearly polarized light experiences certain small positive lateral shift under total internal reflection (TIR). In this dissertation, grating structures which can achieve giant negative Goos-Hänchen shifts are designed. It can be applied to realization of optical bistability and achieving zero group velocity of light inside a dielectric slab waveguide. We’ve achieved a Goos-Hänchen shift at 5000 times of the operating wavelength, designed switching device beyond π, and designed a slab waveguide that can trap a “rainbow” (light covering the entire visible spectrum) inside. This research could provide a hardware building block for future all-optical processing

Giant positive and negative Goos-Hanchen shift on dielectric gratings caused by guided mode resonance

Giant positive and negative Goos-Hanchen shift more than 5000 times of the operating wavelength is observed when a beam is totally reflected from a substrate decorated by a dielectric grating. Different to the former studies where Goos-Hanchen shift is related to metamaterials or plasmonic materials with ohmic loss, here the giant shift is realized with unity reflectance without the loss. This is extremely advantageous for sensor applications. The Goos-Hanchen shift exhibits a strong resonant feature at the frequency of guided mode resonance, and is associated to the energy flow carried by the guided mode

<i>FAMA</i> overexpression plants enhance <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> resistance.

<p>(A) RT-qPCR of <i>FAMA</i> at 6 d after germination of <i>FAMA</i> overexpression lines (<i>OE-3</i> and <i>OE-7</i>) and WT using <i>Actin7</i> as a control. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals (n = 3). (B) Localization of FAMA in <i>OE-3</i> and <i>OE-7</i> leaves. Confocal imaging of transgenic <i>A</i>. <i>thaliana</i> plants expressing <i>FAMA</i>. Bars = 20 μm. (C) (D) Disease symptoms and lesion sizes on the <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>-infected WT, <i>OE-3</i>, and <i>OE-7</i> leaves. (E) Trypan blue staining of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> fungal hyphae growing on leaves at 3 d. Bars = 100 μm. (F) Fungal growth on the <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>-infected WT, <i>OE-3</i>, and <i>OE-7</i> leaves. The disease assay was performed as indicated (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193458#sec014" target="_blank">Results</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193458#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a>) on the leaves of soil-grown plants. Photos (C) were taken at 3 d. Bars = 3 mm. Fungal growth <i>in planta</i> was assumed by analyzing the transcript levels of the <i>BcActinA</i> gene by RT-qPCR using <i>Actin7</i> as an internal control 3 d after inoculation (F). Average values and SEM from relative values obtained in three biological replicates were plotted on the graph (D) (F). A minimum of 10 leaves for each genotype was used for each biological replicate, and the disease assay was repeated three times, with similar results. The mean values followed by different letters represent significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.01, Student’s <i>t</i>-test).</p

<i>med8</i> and <i>med25</i> mutants affect plant resistance to <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> by independent and additive means.

<p>(A) (B) Disease symptoms and lesion sizes on the leaves of the <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>-infected WT, <i>med8</i>, <i>med25</i>, and <i>med8med25</i> at 3 d. The disease assay was performed by drop inoculation of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> on the leaves of soil-grown plants. The infected leaves were photographed and bar = 4 mm (A). Average values and SEM from relative values obtained in four biological replicates were plotted on the graph (B). A minimum of 10 leaves for each genotype was used for each biological replicate, and the disease assay was repeated at least four times, with similar results. The mean values followed by different letters represent significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.01, Student’s <i>t</i>-test). (C) (D) RT-qPCR analysis of <i>ERF1</i> and <i>PDF1</i>.<i>2</i> RNA levels in the WT, <i>med8</i>, <i>med25</i>, and <i>med8med25</i> leaves of soil-grown plants at 36 hpi after inoculation with <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>. Expression of <i>ERF1</i> and <i>PDF1</i>.<i>2</i> was normalized against the constitutively expressed <i>Actin7</i>. Average values and SEM from relative values obtained in four biological replicates were plotted on the graph. The mean values followed by different letters represent significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.01, Student’s <i>t</i>-test).</p

Hypocotyl lengths of Arabidopsis wild type and mutants grown at different temperature in darkness.

<p>Mean values ± SE.</p

Hydrogen Bonding-Rich Bio-Benzoxazine Resin Provides High-Performance Thermosets and Ultrahigh-Performance Composites

Producing thermosetting polymers using natural renewable resources has attracted great attention due to the requirement of sustainable development for human beings. Herein, we represent our design of a novel biobased thermosetting resin (KAE-fa) containing a polymerizable oxazine ring and a furan group derived from renewable kaempferol and furfurylamine. The distinctive presence of rich intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds within KAE-fa imparts it with thermal latent polymerization characteristic, long shelf life, and exceptional high performance of its resulting polybenzoxazine. Notably, the resulting thermoset, poly(KAE-fa), demonstrates a substantially high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 304 °C, an impressively elevated char yield (in N2) of 63%, and an extraordinarily low heat release capacity of 10.12 J·g-1·K-1. In addition, KAE-fa has also been utilized to fabricate a carbon fiber-reinforced composite [CF/poly(KAE-fa)]. Employing this newly obtained high-performance bioresin as the matrix, CF/poly(KAE-fa) exhibits a remarkable property enhancement. For instance, CF/poly(KAE-fa) shows 108, 28, and 82.7% increases in Tg, tensile strength, and Young’s modules (room temperature), respectively, compared with the carbon fiber-reinforced BA-a composite [CF/poly(BA-a)]. These advantages underscore the great potential of using renewable bioresins for developing both high-performance thermosets and composites with key applications spanning from transportation to aerospace.</p

MED8 can interact with FAMA, but not with MYC2.

<p>(A) A Y2H assay was used to detect the interactions of MED8 with the MYC2 protein. Yeast cells co-transformed with pGADT7-MYC2 (preys) and pGBKT7-MED8 (baits) were selected and subsequently grown on yeast synthetic dropout lacking Leu and Trp (SD/-2) as a transformation control, or on selective media lacking Ade, His, Leu, and Trp (SD/-4) to test protein interactions. The pGADT7-MYC2 (preys) and pGBKT7-MED25 (baits) interaction constituted a positive control. pGADT7-MYC2 co-transformed with the pGBDT7 vector, and pGBKT7-MED8 or pGBKT7-MED25 co-transformed with the pGADT7 vector were included as controls. (B) A Y2H assay used to detect the interactions of MED8 with the FAMA protein. Yeast cells co-transformed with pGADT7-FAMA (preys) and pGBKT7-MED8 (baits) were selected and subsequently grown on yeast synthetic dropout lacking Leu and Trp (SD/-2) as a transformation control, or on selective media lacking Ade, His, Leu, and Trp (SD/-4) to test protein interactions. pGADT7-FAMA co-transformed with the pGBDT7 vector, and pGBKT7-MED8 co-transformed with the pGADT7 vector were included as controls. (C) Split-luc assays showing that MED8 can interact with FAMA in <i>N</i>. <i>benthamiana</i> leaves. Three biological replicates were performed, and similar results were obtained. (D) Co-IP assays were used to verify the interaction of MED8 with FAMA in <i>N</i>. <i>benthamiana</i> leaves. Protein extracts from <i>N</i>. <i>benthamiana</i> leaves infiltration with both <i>35Spro</i>:<i>FAMA-HA</i> and <i>35Spro</i>:<i>MED8-GFP</i> (<i>FAMA-HA MED8-GFP</i>) or <i>35Spro</i>:<i>GFP-myc</i> (<i>FAMA-HA GFP-myc</i>) was immunoprecipitated (IP) with the GFP antibody, and immunoprecipitated proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting using anti-HA and anti-GFP antibodies. The experiments were repeated three times, with similar results.</p

FAMA-activated defense responses are MED8 dependent.

<p>(A) (B) Disease symptoms and lesion sizes of the <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>-infected WT, <i>med8</i>, <i>OE-7</i>, and <i>OE-7/med8</i> leaves at 3 d. The disease assay was performed by drop inoculation of <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i> on the leaves of soil-grown plants. The infected leaves were photographed and bar = 4 mm (A). Average values and SEM from relative values obtained from three biological replicates were plotted on the graph (B). A minimum of 10 leaves for each genotype was used for each biological replicate, and the disease assay was repeated in triplicate, with similar results. The mean values followed by different letters represent significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.01, Student’s <i>t</i>-test). (C) (D) RT-qPCR analysis of <i>ERF1</i> and <i>PDF1</i>.<i>2</i> RNA levels in the WT, <i>med8</i>, <i>OE-7</i>, and <i>OE-7/med8</i> leaves of soil-grown plants at 36 hpi after inoculation with <i>B</i>. <i>cinerea</i>. Expression of <i>ERF1</i> and <i>PDF1</i>.<i>2</i> was normalized against the constitutively expressed <i>Actin7</i>. Average values and SEM from relative values obtained in three replicates were plotted on the graph. A minimum of 10 leaves for each genotype was used for each biological replicate, and the disease assay was repeated three times, with similar results. The mean values followed by different letters represent significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.01, Student’s <i>t</i>-test).</p

Autophosphorylation of Cph1 at various temperatures.

<p>(A) Autoradiogram (above) and Coomassie-stained blot (below) of Cph1 holoprotein. Samples were irradiated either with FR or R as indicated and incubated with γ⁻³²P ATP in darkness at the indicated temperatures (°C). (B) Mean phosphorylation intensities of three experiments ± SE as shown in (A) are plotted over temperature. The 100% value corresponds to the mean signal of the FR irradiated sample at 20°C. as shown in (A).</p