5 research outputs found
DataSheet_1_The causal association between circulating cytokines with the risk of frailty and sarcopenia under the perspective of geroscience.zip
IntroductionCirculating cytokines were considered to play a critical role in the initiation and propagation of sarcopenia and frailty from observational studies. This study aimed to find the casual association between circulating cytokines and sarcopenia and frailty from a genetic perspective by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsData for 41 circulating cytokines were extracted from the genome-wide association study dataset of 8,293 European participants. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger, and weighted median method were applied to assess the relationship of circulating cytokines with the risk of aging-related syndromes and frailty. Furthermore, MR-Egger regression was used to indicate the directional pleiotropy, and Cochran’s Q test was used to verify the potential heterogeneity. The “leave-one-out” method was applied to visualize whether there was a causal relationship affected by only one anomalous single-nucleotide polymorphisms.ResultsGenetic predisposition to increasing levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-12, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was associated with the higher risk of low hand grip strength according to the IVW method [R = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.10, P = 0.028, false discovery rate (FDR)–adjusted P = 1.000; OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.07, P = 0.042, FDR-adjusted P = 0.784; OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00–1.05, P = 0.038, FDR-adjusted P = 0.567]. Furthermore, genetically determined higher macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSFs) were associated with a lower presence of appendicular lean mass (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.02, P = 0.003, FDR-adjusted P = 0.103). Monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG) and tumor necrosis factor–beta (TNF-β) were associated with a higher risk of frailty (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.05, P ConclusionGenetic predisposition to assess IL-10, IL-12, and VEGF levels was associated with a higher risk of low hand grip strength and M-CSF with the presence of appendicular lean mass. The high levels of TNF-β and MIG were associated with a higher risk of frailty. More studies will be required to explore the molecular biological mechanisms underlying the action of inflammatory factors.</p
Effect of CO<sub>2</sub> on Microbial Denitrification via Inhibiting Electron Transport and Consumption
Increasing
anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have been reported
to influence global biogeochemical processes; however, in the literature
the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> on denitrification have mainly been
attributed to the changes it causes in environmental factors, while
the direct effects of CO<sub>2</sub> on denitrification remain unknown.
In this study, increasing CO<sub>2</sub> from 0 to 30 000 ppm
under constant environmental conditions decreased total nitrogen removal
efficiency from 97% to 54%, but increased N<sub>2</sub>O generation
by 240 fold. A subsequent mechanistic study revealed that CO<sub>2</sub> damaged the bacterial membrane and directly inhibited the transport
and consumption of intracellular electrons by causing intracellular
reactive nitrogen species (RNS) accumulation, suppressing the expression
of key electron transfer proteins (flavoprotein, succinate dehydrogenase,
and cytochrome c) and the synthesis and activity of key denitrifying
enzymes. Further study indicated that the inhibitory effects of CO<sub>2</sub> on the transport and consumption of electrons were caused
by the decrease of intracellular iron due to key iron transporters
(AfuA, FhuC, and FhuD) being down-regulated. Overall, this study suggests
that the direct effect of CO<sub>2</sub> on denitrifying microbes
via inhibition of intracellular electron transport and consumption
is an important reason for its negative influence on denitrification
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Cause Inhibition of Microbial Denitrification by Affecting Transcriptional Regulation and Enzyme Activity
Over the past few decades, human
activities have accelerated the
rates and extents of water eutrophication and global warming through
increasing delivery of biologically available nitrogen such as nitrate
and large emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. In particular,
nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) is one of the most important greenhouse
gases, because it has a 300-fold higher global warming potential than
carbon dioxide. Microbial denitrification is a major pathway responsible
for nitrate removal, and also a dominant source of N<sub>2</sub>O
emissions from terrestrial or aquatic environments. However, whether
the release of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into the environment
affects microbial denitrification is largely unknown. Here we show
that the presence of ZnO NPs lead to great increases in nitrate delivery
(9.8-fold higher) and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions (350- and 174-fold
higher in the gas and liquid phases, respectively). Our data further
reveal that ZnO NPs significantly change the transcriptional regulations
of glycolysis and polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis, which causes the
decrease in reducing powers available for the reduction of nitrate
and N<sub>2</sub>O. Moreover, ZnO NPs substantially inhibit the gene
expressions and catalytic activities of key denitrifying enzymes.
These negative effects of ZnO NPs on microbial denitrification finally
cause lower nitrate removal and higher N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, which
is likely to exacerbate water eutrophication and global warming
Hierarchical NiFeP Nanoflowers on the MXene Film as a Self-Standing Bifunctional Electrode toward Superior Overall Water Electrolysis
The exploitation of highly active, nonprecious metal
bifunctional
electrodes to facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and
oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for water electrolysis
to produce hydrogen, but the performances are still unsatisfactory.
Herein, a facile strategy was proposed to fabricate a three-dimensional
(3D) bimetallic phosphide (NiFeP) nanoflower array on a self-standing
assembled MXene nanosheet film (denoted as NiFeP@MXene) as a structurally
integrated electrode for overall water splitting. The NiFeP@MXene
film with 3D hierarchical nanoflower structures can be directly used
as an electrode without traditional polymer binders, which significantly
reduces the contact resistance and facilitates the electron transfer
at the interface. Meanwhile, an interfacial synergistic coupling is
created between the highly conductive MXene film and the bimetallic
phosphides, which is favorable for the catalytic activity. Moreover,
the addition of Fe improves the intrinsic activity and simultaneously
facilitates the formation of 3D flower-like structures with more active
sites. Thus, the self-standing NiFeP@MXene electrode demonstrates
an excellent bifunctional catalytic activity in the alkaline electrolyte
with small overpotentials of 240 and 122 mV to drive 10 mA cm–2 current density for the OER and HER, respectively,
along with a superior overall water electrolysis performance compared
to the commercial precious IrO2∥Pt/C catalyst
Data_Sheet_1_The Global Burden of Disease attributable to low physical activity and its trends from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study.PDF
IntroductionLow physical activity (LPA) is associated with several major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and premature mortality. In this study, we aimed to assess the global burden and trends in disease attributable to LPA (DALPA) from 1990 to 2019.MethodsAnnual age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and death rates of DALPA [all-cause and five specific causes (ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, colon and rectal cancer, and breast cancer)] by sex, age, geographical region and social deprivation index (SDI) score from 1990 to 2019 were available from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the changing trend. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to explore the relationship between DALYs/death rates of DALPA and sociodemographic factors.ResultsGlobally, in 2019, the age-standardized DALYs and death rates of DALPA were 198.42/100,000 (95% UI: 108.16/100,000–360.32/100,000) and 11.10/100,000 (95% UI: 5.66/100,000–19.51/100,000), respectively. There were 15.74 million (8.51–28.61) DALYs and 0.83 million (0.43–1.47) deaths attributable to LPA. Overall, age-standardized DALYs and death rates presented significant downward trends with EAPCs [−0.68% (95% CI: −0.85– −0.50%) for DALYs and −1.00% (95% CI: −1.13– −0.86%) for deaths] from 1990 to 2019. However, age-standardized DALYs and death rates of diabetes mellitus attributable to LPA were substantially increased [EAPC: 0.76% (95% CI: 0.70–0.82%) for DALYs and 0.33% (95% CI: 0.21–0.51%) for deaths]. In the 15–49 age group, DALPA presented significant upward trends [EAPC: 0.74% (95% CI: 0.58–0.91%) for DALYs and 0.31% (95% CI: 0.1–0.51%) for deaths]. The GLM revealed that higher gross domestic product and current health expenditure (% of GDP) were negatively associated with DALYs and death rates of DALPA.ConclusionAlthough global age-standardized DALYs and death rates of DALPA presented downward trends, they still cause a heavy burden worldwide. These rates showed upward trends in the diabetic and 15–49 age groups, which need more attention and health interventions.</p