DataSheet1_Comparative efficacy of five approved Janus kinase inhibitors as monotherapy and combination therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.docx

BackgroundThe European League of Rheumatology(EULAR)guidelines recommend Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are insensitive or under-responsive to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). But there was no recommendation for which one was preferred in five currently approved JAK inhibitors. The objective of this network meta-analysis study was to evaluate the efficacy of five JAK inhibitors as monotherapy and combination therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsThe randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib and peficitinib as monotherapy or combined with csDMARD in the treatment of active RA were searched in database of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, up to December 2023. The control group included placebo or csDMARD. Outcome indicators included American College of Rheumatology 20% response (ACR20), ACR50, ACR70 and the percentage of patients achieving 28-joint disease activity score using C-reactive protein (DAS28(CRP))ResultsThis study included thirty-six RCTs with 16,713 patients. All JAK inhibitors were more effective than placebo in ACR20 (RRs ranging between 1.74 and 3.08), ACR50 (RRs ranging between 2.02 and 7.47), ACR70 (RRs ranging between 2.68 and 18.13), DAS28(CRP) ConclusionThis NMA study indicated that all JAK inhibitors performed better than placebo. Based on the results of this study, upadacitinib 30 mg, upadacitinib 15 mg, upadacitinib 15 mg + csDMARD and baricitinib 4 mg + csDMARD were recommended treatment options with relatively good efficacy and safety. However, attention should be paid to monitoring the occurrence of adverse events in high-risk RA patients with medication. Combination therapy with csDMARD might be more suitable for the maintenance of long-term efficacy. However, in clinical practice, it is still necessary to select the appropriate therapeutic regimen based on the actual clinical situation.</p

Ultrafine WC_1–<i>x</i> Nanocrystals: An Efficient Cocatalyst for the Significant Enhancement of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on g‑C₃N₄

Developing noble metal-free, inexpensive, and highly active cocatalysts to increase the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts and promote the practical application is significantly important. In this work, ultrafine carbon-deficient tungsten carbide (WC1–x) nanocrystals with an average size of 1.98 ± 0.29 nm are successfully prepared as cocatalysts to dramatically enhance the photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The optimized system (WC1–xCN5) exhibits the best photocatalytic H2 production rate of 124.5 μmol h–1 (2490 μmol h–1 g–1), which is about 56 times that of bare g-C3N4. In this system, ultrafine WC1–x nanocrystals play a multifunctional role: effectively boosting the carrier separation and transfer and providing rich active sites for H2 production. Hence, the loading of WC1–x nanocrystals remarkably increases the photocatalytic H2 production activity of g-C3N4. This work demonstrates that ultrafine WC1–x nanocrystals have practical application potential to enhance photocatalytic H2 evolution of g-C3N4

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Responsive Metallo-supramolecular Block Copolymer Micelles

The metal–supramolecular diblock copolymer containing mechano-labile bis­(terpyridine)–Cu­(II) complex linkage in the junction point was synthesized. These metal–ligand containing amphiphilic copolymers are able to self-assemble in aqueous solution to form spherical micelles with poly­(propylene glycol) block forming the hydrophobic core. It is found that high intensity focused ultrasound can open the copolymer micelles and trigger the release of the payload in the micelle. The micellar properties and release kinetics of encapsulated guest molecule in response to ultrasound stimuli were investigated. The weak Cu­(II)–terpyridine dynamic bond in the copolymer chain can be cleaved under ultrasound and thus leads to the disruption of the copolymer micelle and the release of loaded cargo. This study will open up a new way for the molecular design of ultrasound modulated drug delivery systems

Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of NiO_<i>x</i>‑Based Silicon Photoanode via Interfacial Engineering

The photoelectrochemical performance of Si photoanode with a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure is limited by weak Schottky barrier and poor charge transfer. In this work, a MIS structure, n-Si|dispersed NiSix/NiOx patches|Au nanoparticles, is designed for efficient water oxidization with high stability. The photoanode exhibits a high activity with a low onset potential of ∼0.88 V and a high photocurrent density of ∼34 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and retains excellent stability in 1.0 M NaOH for ∼10 h. We find that the improved photovoltage is contributed by the strengthened pinch-off effect of inhomogeneous Schottky barriers induced by the synergistic effect of decreased Schottky barrier height difference and increased depletion width in n-Si. We show that the enhanced photocurrent attributes to the reduced hole transport resistance by introducing high-conductive NiSix and Au-NP bridge layers. Our findings demonstrate a promising strategy for the development of highly efficient and stable Si-based photoelectrodes for water oxidization

Surface Roughening of Nickel Cobalt Phosphide Nanowire Arrays/Ni Foam for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity

Development of earth-abundant, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in alkaline or even neutral pH electrolyte is very important for hydrogen production from water splitting. Construction of bimetal phosphides via tuning the bonding strength to hydrogen and increasing effective active sites through nanostructuring and surface engineering should lead to high HER activity. Here, ternary NiCoP nanowires (NWs) decorated by homogeneous nanoparticles have been obtained on Ni foam for a highly efficient HER property via long-term cyclic voltammetric (CV) sweeping. The electron density transfer between the positively charged Ni and Co and negatively charged P atoms, one-dimensional electron transfer channel of the NWs, and abundant active sites supplied by the nanoparticles and NWs endow the catalyst with low overpotentials of 43 and 118 mV to achieve the respective current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm^–2 together with long durability for at least 33 h in 1 M KOH. A cycled anodic dissolution–redeposition mechanism is disclosed for the formation of the NiCoP nanoparticles during the CV sweeping process. Such a surface roughening method is found to be adaptable to enhance the HER property of other phosphides, including Ni₂P nanoplates/NF, NiCoP nanoparticles/NF, and CoP NW/NF

Location of samples collected for screening of three human parvoviruses (HPAVs) in China.

<p>Location of samples collected for screening of three human parvoviruses (HPAVs) in China.</p

Demographic characteristics of all participants (N = 1626).

<p>Demographic characteristics of all participants (N = 1626).</p

Prevalence of Human Parvovirus B19, Bocavirus, and PARV4 in Blood Samples from the General Population of China and Lack of a Correlation between Parvovirus and Hepatitis B Co-Infection

<div><p>Few comprehensive studies have investigated viraemia caused by human parvoviruses (HPAVs) in China. A total of 1626 of blood samples were collected from non-HBV and HBV infected Chinese subjects (adults, N = 1279; children, N = 347) from south-western and south-eastern China. DNA from three HPAVs was detected in blood samples using PCR-based assays. The epidemiological profiles and association with HBV co-infection were also analysed. Of the 1626 blood samples tested, 138 (8.49%) were found to exhibit HPAV viraemia, including 3.51% with B19, 3.75% with HBoV and 2.52% with PARV4. The presence of B19 DNA in both child and adult, as well as that of PARV4 DNA in adult,from the south-western region was significantly higher than that from the south-eastern region (<i>P</i> = 0.006 for B19 in children; <i>P</i> = 0.026 for B19 in adults; and <i>P</i> = 0.014 for PARV4 in adult).However, the frequency of HBoV DNA in adults from the south-western region was significantly lower than that observed in adults from the south-eastern region (<i>P = </i>0.001). Furthermore, HBoV was more prevalence in male (4.9%) than in female (1.4%) individuals. In addition, no significant correlation between HBV and HPAV co-infection was found using serum samples from Chinese adults. In conclusions,the molecular prevalence of three HPAVs in blood samples exhibited variation among different populations depending on area, age and gender; No association between HPAV and HBV infection in adults was found. Our data provide a basis for improving blood safety and preventing HPAV infection in China.</p></div

Prevalence of Herpes and Respiratory Viruses in Induced Sputum among Hospitalized Children with Non Typical Bacterial Community-Acquired Pneumonia

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Few comprehensive studies have searched for viruses in infants and young children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of human herpes viruses (HHVs) and other respiratory viruses in CAP not caused by typical bacterial infection and to determine their prevalence and clinical significance.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Induced sputum (IS) samples were collected from 354 hospitalised patients (infants, n = 205; children, n = 149) with respiratory illness (CAP or non-CAP) admitted to Wenling Hospital of China. We tested for HHVs and respiratory viruses using PCR-based assays. The epidemiological profiles were also analysed.</p><p>Results</p><p>High rate of virus detection (more than 98%) and co-infection (more than 80%) were found among IS samples from 354 hospitalised infants and children with respiratory illness in this study. Of 273 CAP samples tested, CMV (91.6%), HHV-6 (50.9%), RSV (37.4%), EBV (35.5%), HBoV (28.2%), HHV-7 (18.3%) and rhinovirus (17.2%) were the most commonly detected viruses. Of 81 non- CAP samples tested, CMV (63%), RSV (49.4%), HHV-6 (42%), EBV (24.7%), HHV-7 (13.6%) and HBoV (8.6%) were the dominant viruses detected. The prevalence of several viral agents (rhinovirus, bocavirus, adenovirus and CMV) among IS samples of CAP were significantly higher than that of non-CAP control group. We also found the prevalence of RSV coinfection with HHVs was also higher among CAP group than that of non-CAP control.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>With sensitive molecular detection techniques and IS samples, high rates of viral identification were achieved in infants and young children with respiratory illness in a rural area of China. The clinical significance of rhinovirus, bocavirus, adenovirus and HHV (especially CMV) infections should receive greater attention in future treatment and prevention studies of CAP in infants and children.</p></div

Distribution of viruses among different age groups in this study.

<p>(A) Detection HHVs in CAP group; (B) Detection common respiratory viruses in CAP group; (C) Detection of HHVs in non-CAP group; (D) Detection common respiratory viruses in non-CAP group.</p