A framework for cross-layer measurement of 3G and Wi-Fi combined networks

3G networks and Wi-Fi networks could complement each other as each has different advantages of coverage and access capacity. A combined 3G and Wi-Fi network is one part of a heterogeneous IP network which has ubiquitous access capacity. However, the characteristics of the lower layers in the wireless network portion of such a heterogeneous IP network could significantly affect the performance of higher layers, and further, the overall performance of the whole network. A single-layer approach to performance analysis could not provide enough information to present the correlation between lower and higher layers. A cross-layer measurement approach for combined 3G and Wi-Fi network is presented which aims to correlate the characteristics of the physical layer (e.g. channel power and signal-to-interference ratio) to key parameters of higher layer (e.g. packet-loss ratio, and round trip time)

Supplemental Material - Contextualized Game-Based Language Learning: Retrospect and Prospect

Supplemental Material for Contextualized Game-Based Language Learning: Retrospect and Prospect by Lu Yang and Rui Li in Journal of Educational Computing Research</p

The residual test results.

AimsThe aims for this study was to prove the impacts of marital events (marriage rate, divorce rate and marriage squeeze), economic development, and social development on the suicide rate among urban and rural Chinese and reveal the differences in these impacts between urban and rural areas and between genders.MethodsAn explanatory time-series analysis methodology was adopted to analyze the nation-wide data ranging from 1987–2017.ResultsMarriage rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate among urban and rural men, and rural women; however, divorce rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate only among rural women. For the four groups, the economic development level measured by per capita GDP is a protective factor, while social development measured by urbanization and rural–urban labor migration rates in rural areas plays different roles.ConclusionsMarriage and divorce rates were found to have different meanings for the four groups. This study offers a reference for designing relevant policies and projects to intervene in suicidal behaviors among different groups.</div

Linear regression estimation results for suicidal rate among rural men and rural women.

Linear regression estimation results for suicidal rate among rural men and rural women.</p

Linear regression estimation results for suicidal rate among urban men and urban women.

Linear regression estimation results for suicidal rate among urban men and urban women.</p

Statistical description of sample data.

AimsThe aims for this study was to prove the impacts of marital events (marriage rate, divorce rate and marriage squeeze), economic development, and social development on the suicide rate among urban and rural Chinese and reveal the differences in these impacts between urban and rural areas and between genders.MethodsAn explanatory time-series analysis methodology was adopted to analyze the nation-wide data ranging from 1987–2017.ResultsMarriage rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate among urban and rural men, and rural women; however, divorce rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate only among rural women. For the four groups, the economic development level measured by per capita GDP is a protective factor, while social development measured by urbanization and rural–urban labor migration rates in rural areas plays different roles.ConclusionsMarriage and divorce rates were found to have different meanings for the four groups. This study offers a reference for designing relevant policies and projects to intervene in suicidal behaviors among different groups.</div

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AimsThe aims for this study was to prove the impacts of marital events (marriage rate, divorce rate and marriage squeeze), economic development, and social development on the suicide rate among urban and rural Chinese and reveal the differences in these impacts between urban and rural areas and between genders.MethodsAn explanatory time-series analysis methodology was adopted to analyze the nation-wide data ranging from 1987–2017.ResultsMarriage rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate among urban and rural men, and rural women; however, divorce rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate only among rural women. For the four groups, the economic development level measured by per capita GDP is a protective factor, while social development measured by urbanization and rural–urban labor migration rates in rural areas plays different roles.ConclusionsMarriage and divorce rates were found to have different meanings for the four groups. This study offers a reference for designing relevant policies and projects to intervene in suicidal behaviors among different groups.</div

The suicidal rate by urban and rural areas and by genders 1987–2016.

Note: The data 1987–2008 is from Zhang’s study (2011), and the data 2009–2016 is from China National Health Statistical yearbook.</p

The Co-integration test results.

AimsThe aims for this study was to prove the impacts of marital events (marriage rate, divorce rate and marriage squeeze), economic development, and social development on the suicide rate among urban and rural Chinese and reveal the differences in these impacts between urban and rural areas and between genders.MethodsAn explanatory time-series analysis methodology was adopted to analyze the nation-wide data ranging from 1987–2017.ResultsMarriage rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate among urban and rural men, and rural women; however, divorce rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate only among rural women. For the four groups, the economic development level measured by per capita GDP is a protective factor, while social development measured by urbanization and rural–urban labor migration rates in rural areas plays different roles.ConclusionsMarriage and divorce rates were found to have different meanings for the four groups. This study offers a reference for designing relevant policies and projects to intervene in suicidal behaviors among different groups.</div

The steps for explanatory time-series analysis.

AimsThe aims for this study was to prove the impacts of marital events (marriage rate, divorce rate and marriage squeeze), economic development, and social development on the suicide rate among urban and rural Chinese and reveal the differences in these impacts between urban and rural areas and between genders.MethodsAn explanatory time-series analysis methodology was adopted to analyze the nation-wide data ranging from 1987–2017.ResultsMarriage rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate among urban and rural men, and rural women; however, divorce rate was a protective factor against the suicide rate only among rural women. For the four groups, the economic development level measured by per capita GDP is a protective factor, while social development measured by urbanization and rural–urban labor migration rates in rural areas plays different roles.ConclusionsMarriage and divorce rates were found to have different meanings for the four groups. This study offers a reference for designing relevant policies and projects to intervene in suicidal behaviors among different groups.</div