The Production and Characteristics Test of Synthetic Rice Made of Maize Flour

Synthetic rice made of maize flour has a great opportunity to be developed as a staple food. Peopleused to consume synthetic rice, but only limited studies reported about the preferred characteristic of synthetic rice. The purpose of this study is 1) to produce and examine the characteristic of synthetic rice including moisture content, particle size, storage time and steam duration, and 2) toobtaine the preferred sensory level of synthetic rice based on aroma, texture, flavor and color.The procedure was startedbymakingthe maize flourto produce synthetic rice using a granulator machine. The granules was then steamed and dried under the sun light. Seventype of synthetic rice was used in this research, namely pure maize rice (100% maize flour), three mixed synthetic rice of maize flour and wheat flour, and three mixed synthetic riceofmaize flour and tapioca flour withthree different ratio 95:5, 85:75, and 75:25.). The results showed that the water content of synthetic rice was measured between 10.37 to 13.79%. While the steaming timewas reached around 46 to 68 minutes. The rice wasable to be stored about 24-26 hour. The organoleptic testsshowed that the most favorite synthetic rice was a mixture maize rice of 95% maize flour and 5% of tapioca flour for all level preference of the sensory test

Experimental analysis of super-knock occurrence based on a spark ignition engine with high compression ratio

The super-knock phenomenon is a major obstacle for further improving the power density in SI engines. The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigating the mechanism involved in the occurrence of super-knock. In this work, a high compression ratio (CR = 13) coupled with advanced spark timings were employed to achieving intense or critical thermal-dynamic conditions to easily inducing the super-knock. The results show that super-knock can originate from spark ignition, which is different from previous results regarding pre-ignition. Changing the spark timing super-knock can be induced with very high pressure oscillation at the present high compression ratio. The high compression ratio could generate sufficiently high thermal-dynamic conditions to inducing the abnormal combustion. In this research, four combustion phenomena were observed. The present work indicates that there is a nonlinear relationship between knock intensity and knocking onset in terms of pressure profiles at different cycles. The super-knock or knock phenomena were dominantly induced by spark ignition, which were controlled by the pre-ignition after several cycles. Finally, the analysis of the mechanism of super-knock with severe pressure oscillation was employed based on the thermal explosion theory and cavity resonances. There are two possible auto-ignition combustion modes that can induce the intense pressure oscillation

3D reconstruction and measurement of surface defects in prefabricated elements using point clouds

Due to higher efficiency and lower cost, prefabricated construction is gradually gaining acceptance within the market. Laser scanning has already been adopted in civil engineering to reconstruct 3D model of structure and monitoring the deformation and so on. This paper seeks to explore a more automated and accurate quality control process focusing on the surface defects in prefabricated elements. Laser scanning is adopted for data collection and the 3D reconstruction of the prefabricated components. Besides, a new point cloud pre-processing, involving the KNN algorithm, reduction of data dimension and data gridding, is developed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of subsequent algorithms. The Delaunay triangle is used to extract the contour of the point cloud, then the contour is fitted to further determine the geometric data. Meanwhile, a comprehensive quality control system of prefabricated components based on relevant specifications is proposed, and the quality of prefabricated components is monitored intuitively by the values of indicators. In order to integrate into the BIM platform and better store the obtained quality information, the production quality information is designed to be extended to the IFC standard. The proposed approach will be applied to analyze the causes of quality problems in the production process and strengthen the quality control. This study designs a more efficient and accurate quality evaluation process, including data collection, data processing, indicator calculation and quality evaluation. Moreover, the results forward can feedback to the cause of the quality issues, and further improve the production quality of prefabricated elements

Comparison of network resilience with the increase of capacity redundancy on different components.

<p>Comparison of network resilience with the increase of capacity redundancy on different components.</p

Illustrative road network example.

<p>Illustrative road network example.</p

Cdfs of the network resilience due to disruptions on different components.

<p>Cdfs of the network resilience due to disruptions on different components.</p

Time to full recovery in histogram (approximate pdf) form under the capacity degradation of (a) Com₂ and (b) Com₁₀.

<p>Time to full recovery in histogram (approximate pdf) form under the capacity degradation of (a) Com₂ and (b) Com₁₀.</p

System resilience curves with increasing components.

<p>System resilience curves with increasing components.</p

The parameter data of the case.

<p>The parameter data of the case.</p

Network performance degradation levels of each component expressed in cdfs.

<p>Network performance degradation levels of each component expressed in cdfs.</p