Cannabinoids help to unravel etiological aspects in common and bring hope for the treatment of autism and epilepsy

Desde 1843 que as propriedades anticonvulsivantes da Cannabis são conhecidas pela ciência ocidental. Em 1980, ensaios clínicos demonstraram que canabidiol possui atividade antiepilética em pacientes de epilepsia refratária, sendo sonolência o único efeito colateral. O embargo imposto pela proibição do uso medicinal da Cannabis, no entanto, prejudicou imensamente o desenvolvimento científico e a exploração dessas propriedades. Multiplicam-se, contudo, os casos bem sucedidos de uso ilegal e sem orientação para o tratamento de síndromes caracterizadas por epilepsia e autismo regressivo. Os resultados corroboram evidências científicas que indicam a existência de processos etiológicos comuns entre o autismo e a epilepsia. Estudos em modelos animais confirmam envolvimento do sistema endocanabinoide. Esses avanços apontam o início de uma revolução no entendimento e tratamento desses transtornos.Since 1843 the anticonvulsant properties of Cannabis are known by the Western science. In 1980, clinical trials have shown that cannabidiol has antiepileptic activity in refractory epilepsy patients, with drowsiness as the only side effect. The embargo imposed by banning medicinal Cannabis use, however, harmed scientific development and the exploration of these properties. However, there is a growing number of successful cases of illegal use without guidance for the treatment of syndromes characterized by epilepsy and regressive autism. The results corroborate scientific evidence that indicates the existence of common etiological aspects between autism and epilepsy. Studies in animal models have confirmed involvement of the endocannabinoid system. These advances indicate the beginning of a revolution in the understanding and treatment of these disorders

The time-depth of Corded Ware burial landscapes: A comparative study of Single Grave and Battle Axe burial alignments in Denmark, The Netherlands and Sweden

Barrow landscapes appeared in the third and second millennia BC throughout North-Western Europe; these first barrows were constructed by people of the Corded Ware culture and placed in alignments. This thesis is an interregional comparative study, to determine whether there is a pattern in the time-depths of the burial alignments of Trehuse-Sjørup-Dollerup in Denmark, Angelso-Emmerhout in The Netherlands and Lilla Beddinge in Sweden. The analysis is conducted by means of a literature study and the application of typochronologies. In recent research, the Corded Ware ‘culture’ is still seen as a widespread, unified social phenomenon that is the result of migration, but more emphasis is placed on the regional variability of this phenomenon. Regional variability is also what we see in the three case-studies; in fact, perhaps one may better speak of ‘local variability’, as each case-study reveals a remarkable variety even within one alignment. Even though there do seem to be interregionally shared traits, these are expressed in local practices. Despite the limitations of establishing a time-depth by means of typochronologies, all three alignments reveal a long use-life; even in the Bronze and Iron Ages, prehistoric people buried their dead here. Temporality seems to have been an important aspect of the ‘Corded Ware’ burial landscape

Collaborative mental health care : changing the landscape of mental health care?

In this thesis two major changes in the organization of mental health care delivery are explored. The first is collaborative mental health care in primary care, developed as an alternative way to treat common mental health disorders compared to the traditional referral and treatment practice. The collaborative care program followed the principles of stepped care. The first and least intensive treatment step was provided within the collaborative care program in the primary care setting. Treatment intensity was only stepped up through referral to specialized mental health care for patients who did not sufficiently respond to the first step. The traditional practice was direct referral and treatment within specialized care. In several studies we investigated effectiveness, short- and long-term efficiency, cost-effectiveness and whether the stepped care approach was appropriate for all patients instead of the matched care approach. The second change was the integration of eHealth in the collaborative care treatment model. In this study, implementation factors that could either inhibit or promote the uptake and utilization of blended collaborative care by mental health professionals and patients were assessed

Kenya: West Kenya postmarks

HiWATER: The Multi-Scale Observation Experiment on Evapotranspiration over heterogeneous land surfaces (MUSOEXE) Dataset - Flux Observation Matrix (stable isotopic observations

The data assimilation flow chart.

<p>The data assimilation flow chart.</p

Summary of perturbation parameters for atmospheric forcing data.

<p>Summary of perturbation parameters for atmospheric forcing data.</p

The elevation (left) and MODIS plant functional type (right) of Rur Catchment.

<p>The elevation (left) and MODIS plant functional type (right) of Rur Catchment.</p

Mean RMSE values of whole catchment soil moisture for open loop run (CLM) and 6 assimilation strategies of 1_Obs, 5_Obs, 9_Obs, 16_Obs, 25_Obs and 36_Obs for depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm.

<p>Mean RMSE values of whole catchment soil moisture for open loop run (CLM) and 6 assimilation strategies of 1_Obs, 5_Obs, 9_Obs, 16_Obs, 25_Obs and 36_Obs for depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm.</p

The basin scale average soil moisture for reference run (Truth), open loop run (CLM), and the assimilation strategy of 9_Obs at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm.

<p>The basin scale average soil moisture for reference run (Truth), open loop run (CLM), and the assimilation strategy of 9_Obs at depths of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm.</p

Mean RMSE values of covered area soil moisture for open loop run (CLM) and 6 assimilation strategies of 1_Obs, 5_Obs, 9_Obs, 16_Obs, 25_Obs and 36_Obs for depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm.

<p>Mean RMSE values of covered area soil moisture for open loop run (CLM) and 6 assimilation strategies of 1_Obs, 5_Obs, 9_Obs, 16_Obs, 25_Obs and 36_Obs for depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm.</p