PENGARUH CEKAMAN ABIOTIK TERHADAP EKSPRESI GEN DAN KONSENTRASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER PADA Catharanthus roseus

Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant that widely known as an important pharmaceutical source through secondary metabolites, especially Indole Alkaloid Terpenoid (TIA) with vincristine and vinblastine in the treatment of cancer. Primary and specific metabolisms are closely related. Primary metabolism plays a role in providing precursors to secondary metabolism. Environmental stress can reduce the productivity of primary metabolites and increase secondary metabolite products. The effect of increasing secondary metabolic activity will increase the quality and efficacy of plant simplicia drugs. Based on this, environmental stress plays a role in increasing the induction and concentration of certain secondary metabolites in plants. This review aims to determine the effect of abiotic stress on secondary metabolite concentrations in C. roseus. The results showed that primary and secondary metabolites in plants are interrelated because primary metabolites in plants can serve as precursors and signals for synthesis of secondary metabolite. Molecular understanding of these interconnections is important as a novel metabolic engineering approach to enhance the biosynthesis of the important secondary metabolites of C. roseus. The sucrose-breaking enzyme, CWIN plays an important role in modulating various secondary metabolic pathways in the planta. There are three CWIN isoforms in C. roseus that show specific differential expression in the tissue pattern. CrCWIN2 was found to have the catalytic site required for an invertase function. Gene expression analysis is needed to outline possible correlations between expression patterns of CWIN, TIA isoforms, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes, sucrose metabolism genes and growth/antioxidant genes under abiotic stress conditions which are known to affect vindoline and catarantin production in C. roseus. Sucrose supplementation increases the expression of CWIN and secondary metabolic genes, levels of vindolin, catarantin, geraniol, fisetin, coumarin and cinnamic acid. The interconnection between primary and secondary metabolism is confirmed by overexpression of CrCWIN2. Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, abiotic stress, gene expression, secondary metabolit

Statistical Analysis on Factors that Contribute to Post Harvest Losses of Crops in Rural Area at Nkwanta Districts, Volta Regions, Ghana

The study was conducted to assess the factors that contribute to post harvest losses of farm produces in the Nkwanta Districts, Volta Region, Ghana. Data was collected from 250 farmers in the district using a structured questionnaire. The last item on the questionnaire examined the level of agreement attached to various factors influencing post harvest losses in the district on a five point Likert scale. Multivariate factor analysis method was used in the analysis. The results indicated that about 87.2% of the total respondent experience of post harvest losses and there are five salient factors that influence post harvest losses. Difficulties in market accessibility related factors was the most important factor of all. Another important factors accountable for post harvest losses are lack of knowledge and technology related factors, lack of storage facilities and poor packaging, the poor road network, and labour cost. It is therefore recommended that different forms of training and information should be made available for farmers. Also, the establishment of the factories and storage facilities at farming communities should be put in place in order to reduce post harvest losses by way of processing and storage of the excess produces at the local level

Effect of Contrast Polarity Towards Eye Fixation Rates When Reading On Smartphone

This study is conducted to investigate the effect of contrast polarity towards eye fixation patterns when reading text on a smartphone in bright and dark conditions involving the effects when reading on a smartphone such as in real-life situations. The number of fixations and duration of fixation showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.160 and 0.099 respectively). However, emmetropic subjects showed a higher result in bright conditions compared to myopic subjects (p=0.046). This concludes that emmetropic eye movement efficiency seems superior, possibly due to lower spherical order aberration as pupil size decreases in bright illumination. Keywords: Contrast Polarity; Fixation Rates; Eye Tracking; Light conditions eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2023. The Authors. Published for AMER & cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v8i24.468

Potensi keanekaragaman vegetasi pohon untuk konservasi air di desa Kolobolon, kecamatan Lobalain, Rote Ndao, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Rote Ndao merupakan daerah lahan kering dan beriklim kering yang sering mengalami permasalahan ketersediaan air. Minimnya vegetasi di permukaan akan berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya simpanan air dan memperparah bencana kekeringan. Masyarakat membangun embung dan sistem panen air sebagai solusi jangka pendek terhadap masalah kekeringan. Diperlukan solusi jangka panjang atas permasalahan ketersediaan air tersebut Konservasi air menggunakan tumbuhan merupakan solusi jangka panjang terhadap kekeringan. Desa Kolobolon yang berada di bagian selatan Kabupaten Rote Ndao berpotensi mengalami bencana kekeringan. Penting dilakukan inventarisasi keanekaragaman vegetasi pohon yang berpotensi dalam konservasi air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman vegetasi pohon di Desa Kolobolon, Kecamatan Lobalain, Rote Ndao, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan survei, sampling dan identifikasi spesies pada wilayah dengan tutupan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 27 spesies vegetasi pohon dari 16 famili. Jumlah spesies vegetasi pohon didominasi oleh famili Moraceae dan Fabaceae yang berpotensi untuk konservasi air, kecuali Acacia nilotica dari famili Fabaceae yang bersifat invasif

The Impact of Seasonal Differences on Fish Species Diversity, Price Fluctuations, and Fishermen Welfare on Baron Beach Gunung Kidul

Gunungkidul Regency has 73 km of coastline and potential to be developed as center of economic growth based on the utilization of marine fisheries resources. Baron Beach is one of the tourism destination, also has function for fish auction (TPI) and market that caught by fishermen. Seasonal differences affect the conditions of tides and have impact on fishing activities. This makes important for conducted this research. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of seasonal differences on diversity of fish species and welfare of fishermen on Baron Beach. This research is a qualitative descriptive and was carried out with observation and in-depth interviews with traders, fishermen, and consumers. Data analysis was performed using the Miles and Hubberman methods. The results showed the harvest season occurred in the transition season and mid-rain on October until January. The diversity of fish species at most in this season are Euthynnus affinis, Elagatis bipinnulata, Katsuwonus pelamis, Scomberomorus sp. and Selar crumenophthalmus. Diversity at most on the rainy season is Pampus argenteus, while in the dry season are Stolephorus sp., Elagatis bipinnulata, and Auxis rochei. The method of selling fish was done through fishermen, brought to the fish auction to bought by collectors, traders, and consumers. The selling price of fish on traders and collectors has doubled from the fishermen. The abundance of crops has an impact on welfare of fishermen, consumers and traders. The harvest season also has positive impact on social, tourism and culture. The conclusion from this study is the seasonality affects to diversity of fish species, selling price is relatively stable, and has positive impact on society in terms of economic, social, cultural and tourism.</jats:p

Identifikasi Bakteri Patogen Escherichia coli dan Salmonella spp. pada Rectal Swab Penjamah Makanan Rumah Sakit Di Yogyakarta

Microbial disease is an important health problem in Indonesia. Microbial diseases are often related to food sanitation, such as diarrhea, vomiting, typhus, gastrointestinal infections that caused by high levels microbial contamination in food served by various food providers. Pathogenic bacteria that often cause disease in humans are Salmonella spp. which causes typhus, and Escherichia coli which causes gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, and meningitis. Analysis of pathogenic microbes is important to determine the types species of microbes that cause disease so the diseases that caused by pathogenic microbes in the community can be anticipated and handled appropriately. This study aims to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria E. coli and Salmonella spp. on food handler rectal swab of hospital in Yogyakarta. The research was carried out by identification of bacteria with biochemical tests using BBL Crystal and pathogenicity test with E. coli antisera test. The results showed that pathogenic E. coli found in food handlers rectal swab of RS2004 and RS2005, and nonpathogenic E. coli found in RS2001, RS2002, dan RS2003. Salmonella spp. is not found in food handlers rectal swab of hospital in Yogyakarta. &nbsp;Microbial disease is an important health problem in Indonesia. Microbial diseases are often related to food sanitation, such as diarrhea, vomiting, typhus, gastrointestinal infections that caused by high levels microbial contamination in food served by various food providers. Pathogenic bacteria that often cause disease in humans are Salmonella spp. which causes typhus, and Escherichia coli which causes gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, and meningitis. Analysis of pathogenic microbes is important to determine the types species of microbes that cause disease so the diseases that caused by pathogenic microbes in the community can be anticipated and handled appropriately. This study aims to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria E. coli and Salmonella spp. on food handler rectal swab of hospital in Yogyakarta. The research was carried out by identification of bacteria with biochemical tests using BBL Crystal and pathogenicity test with E. coli antisera test. The results showed that pathogenic E. coli found in food handlers rectal swab of RS2004 and RS2005, and nonpathogenic E. coli found in RS2001, RS2002, dan RS2003. Salmonella spp. is not found in food handlers rectal swab of hospital in Yogyakarta. &nbsp

Statistical Analysis on Factors that Contribute to Post Harvest Losses of Crops in Rural Area at Nkwanta Districts, Volta Regions, Ghana

The study was conducted to assess the factors that contribute to post harvest losses of farm produces in the Nkwanta Districts, Volta Region, Ghana. Data was collected from 250 farmers in the district using a structured questionnaire. The last item on the questionnaire examined the level of agreement attached to various factors influencing post harvest losses in the district on a five point Likert scale. Multivariate factor analysis method was used in the analysis. The results indicated that about 87.2% of the total respondent experience of post harvest losses and there are five salient factors that influence post harvest losses. Difficulties in market accessibility related factors was the most important factor of all. Another important factors accountable for post harvest losses are lack of knowledge and technology related factors, lack of storage facilities and poor packaging, the poor road network, and labour cost. It is therefore recommended that different forms of training and information should be made available for farmers. Also, the establishment of the factories and storage facilities at farming communities should be put in place in order to reduce post harvest losses by way of processing and storage of the excess produces at the local level.</jats:p

Ethnobotanical And Bioeconomy Study Of Kedung Pedut Vegetation By Javanese Community In Kulon Progo Yogyakarta

Kedung Pedut is a natural waterfall located in Menoreh Highland, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia at altitude of 529 masl. Kedung Pedut has special natural vegetation characteristics, but since 2015 tourism developments was changing the composition of vegetation in this area. This makes the ethnobotany and biobased economy study are important. Therefore, this study aims to determine the abundance and utilization of vegetation in Kedung Pedut area by Javanese community in Kulon Progo and potential utilization of various vegetation in the future. The study was carried out by grid lines method and interview. Location of vegetation sampling was along the banks of river. Identification of vegetation was carried out on tree growthform. Data analysis was done by literature studies. The results of study identified 25 species of standing vegetation in Kedung Pedut. Tree vegetation with the greatest abundance are Swietenia mahagoni (4048.05 ind/ha), Paraserianthes falcataria (1700.18 ind/ha), Cocos nucifera (1484.29 ind/ha), Bambusa blumeana (782.62 ind/ha), and Tectona grandis (701.66 ind/ha). Potential utilization of vegetation in Kedung Pedut area by Javanese community in Kulon Progo based on the development of technology and science are for medicines, agroforestry, food and beverage industry, natural dyes, furniture industry, germplasm conservation, and conservation of environment</jats:p

Vision-based lane departure warning system

Vision-based Lane Departure Warning System (LDW) is a promising tool to avoid road accidents. In practice, it is exceptionally hard to accurately and efficiently detect lanes due a variety of complex noise such as environmental variability. However, image processing techniques have shown promising and reliable outcome in detecting lanes during nonideal conditions. Lane detection and lane departure measurement are two important modules in LDW system. This paper explores the gaps and limitations of the existing method in the past 10 years concerning lane detection and departure warning for LDW system

In-Hospital Mortality Prediction using Machine Learning and Stacked Ensemble Learning of Asian Women with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Abstract Predictions of mortality in Asian women following STEMI have been the subject of limited studies. This study aims to develop and validate prediction models for in-hospital mortality following STEMI in Asian women using machine learning (ML) and stacked ensemble learning (EL) techniques, and to compare the performance of the algorithms to that of a conventional risk scoring method. From 2006 to 2016, data on multi-ethnic Asian women admitted with STEMI from the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Database (NCVD-ACS) registry were collected. Developed algorithms were compared to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk score (TIMI) and a ML model constructed using data from the general STEMI population. Predictors for ML models were selected using iterative feature selection comprises of feature importance and sequential backward elimination. The machine learning models developed using ML feature selection (AUC ranging from 0.60–0.93) outperforms the conventional risk score, TIMI (AUC 0.81). Individual ML model, SVM Linear with selected features performed better than the best performed stacked EL model (AUC:0.934, CI: 0.893–0.975 vs AUC: 0.914, CI: 0.871–0.957). The women specific model also performs better than the general non-gender specific model (AUC: 0.919, CI: 0.874–0.965). Systolic blood pressure, Killip class, fasting blood glucose, beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, and oral hypoglycemic agent are identified as common predictors of mortality for women. In multi-ethnic populations, Asian women with STEMI were more accurately classified by ML and stacked EL than by the TIMI risk score. It has also been determined that women-specific ML models perform better than the standard STEMI model. In the future, ongoing testing and validation can improve the clinical care provided to women with STEMI.</jats:p