6,587 research outputs found
The role of the medical social worker in a polio epidemic: A study of fifty-eight cases referred to the Social Service Department of Haynes Memorial Hospital September and October, 1949
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit
CaveCrawler: An Interactive Analysis Suite for Cavefish Bioinformatics
The growing use of genomics data in diverse animal models enables researchers to identify genomic and transcriptional differences between species and experimental groups. Genetics databases have played critical roles in establishing the most widely recognized genetic model organisms, such as fruit flies and mice, but most emerging model species for evolutionary biology research lack such databases. One such emerging model organism is the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus. This fish species exists as eyed surface populations and at least 30 cave populations, providing a system to study convergent evolution. Further, since the surface and cave morphs differ in phenotypes with clinical relevance, the Mexican tetra is an emerging model system for human disease. Though researchers are increasingly using genomic, transcriptional, and functional genetic approaches to study disease and evolution using this species, there currently exists no centralized database for accessing Mexican tetra genetics data and comparing results from across studies. We generated a web-based analysis suite which integrates datasets from different studies, then demonstrated the utility of our tool by identifying genes whose transcription and markers of selection differ between populations and across experimental contexts. Results of diverse studies can be analyzed in conjunction with each other and with other genetic data, such as Gene Ontology (GO) information, to enable biological inferences from across studies and identify future avenues of research. Furthermore, the framework that we have built for A. mexicanus can be adjusted for use in other emerging model systems, enabling research which is only possible in species not traditionally used in genetic analyses
Alien Registration- Perry, Rose M. (Andover, Oxford County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/17152/thumbnail.jp
Predictive AI for the S&P 500 Index
Artificial intelligence has powerful applications in virtually every field, and the financial world is no exception. Utilizing various elements of artificial intelligence, this research aims to predict the future value of the S&P 500 index using numerous models, and in doing so, identify relevant features. More specifically, models that include combinations of historical data, public sentiment, and technical indicators were employed to predict the stock price one day and three days forward. To account for public opinion, the sentiment of tweets and news headlines from the beginning of 2015 through the end of 2019 was calculated using FinBERT, a pre-trained version of BERT retrieved from the HuggingFace Model Hub and designed specifically for financial-related text. For each textual input, FinBERT provides three outputs: the probability that the text is positive, negative or neutral. These probability values were applied to approximate the number of positive, negative, and neutral tweets and news headlines each day. The following features were used in complex LSTM models: open, close, low and high prices; volume; the number of positive, negative, and neutral tweets and news headlines; relative strength index; and earnings per share. The highest performing predictive model for one day forward and three days forward utilized historical data, tweet sentiment, and the relative strength index. Coupled with other tools wielded by investors, this model can help anticipate market movements and inform decisions
Intraspecific Variation in Maximum Ingested Food Size and Body Mass in Varecia rubra and Propithecus coquereli
In a recent study, we quantified the scaling of ingested food size (Vb)—the maximum size at which an animal consistently ingests food whole—and found that Vb scaled isometrically between species of captive strepsirrhines. The current study examines the relationship between Vb and body size within species with a focus on the frugivorous Varecia rubra and the folivorous Propithecus coquereli. We found no overlap in Vb between the species (all V. rubra ingested larger pieces of food relative to those eaten by P. coquereli), and least-squares regression of Vb and three different measures of body mass showed no scaling relationship within each species. We believe that this lack of relationship results from the relatively narrow intraspecific body size variation and seemingly patternless individual variation in Vb within species and take this study as further evidence that general scaling questions are best examined interspecifically rather than intraspecifically
A Cultural History of Hair, Volume 1: A Cultural History of Hair in Antiquity
Katherine Schwab and Marice Rose are contributing authors, Self and Society.
Book description:
How have our attitudes to hair changed over time? In what ways have new technologies influenced hair-related practices and beliefs? Is hair just about fashion or does it express social, spiritual, and cultural meanings? In a work that spans nearly 3,000 years these ambitious questions are addressed by 60 experts, each contributing their overview of a theme applied to a period in history. With the help of a broad range of case material they illustrate trends and nuances of the culture of hair in Western societies from ancient times to the present. Volume editors ensure the cohesion of the whole, and to make the set as easy as possible to use, chapter titles are identical across each of the volumes. This gives the reader the choice to gain an overview of a period by reading one volume, or to follow a theme through history by reading the relevant chapter in each volume.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/visualandperformingarts-books/1021/thumbnail.jp
The Jaw Adductor Resultant and Estimated Bite Force in Primates
We reconstructed the jaw adductor resultant in 34 primate species using new data on muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) and data on skull landmarks. Based on predictions by Greaves, the resultant should (1) cross the jaw at 30% of its length, (2) lie directly posterior to the last molar, and (3) incline more anteriorly in primates that need not resist large anteriorly-directed forces. We found that the resultant lies significantly posterior to its predicted location, is significantly posterior to the last molar, and is significantly more anteriorly inclined in folivores than in frugivores. Perhaps primates emphasize avoiding temporomandibular joint distraction and/or wide gapes at the expense of bite force. Our exploration of trends in the data revealed that estimated bite force varies with body mass (but not diet) and is significantly greater in strepsirrhines than in anthropoids. This might be related to greater contribution from the balancing-side jaw adductors in anthropoids
Begging and transfer of coati meat by white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus
White-faced capuchin monkeys were frequently observed to raid the nests and predate the pups of coatis at two study sites (Santa Rosa National Park and Lomas Barbudal Biological Reserve) in northwestern Costa Rica. Adult monkeys of both sexes were the primary participants in nest-raiding. At Santa Rosa, the original captor of the pup tended to eat the entire carcass, whereas at Lomas Barbudal, the monkeys rapidly became satiated and allowed another monkey to have the carcass. At Lomas Barbudal, there was a tendency for adult females to share preferentially with their own offspring, but only if the offspring were less than 1 year old. Dominance rank of the owner of the carcass relative to the rank of the beggar did not significantly affect the probability of willingly transferring meat to the beggar. In one of two years, carcass theft was more likely to occur when the thief was higher ranking than the carcass owner.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41610/1/10329_2006_Article_BF02381950.pd
'The Mould that Changed the World':Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of children's knowledge and motivation for behavioural change following participation in an antimicrobial resistance musical
BackgroundA primary school musical ("The Mould that Changed the World") was developed as a unique public engagement strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by engaging children in the story of the discovery of antibiotics, the risks of drug-resistant infections and the importance of prudent antibiotic use.MethodsThe musical intervention was implemented in two UK primary schools by music specialists through a series of workshops, associated learning resources and performances to relatives. Participating children (n = 182), aged 9 to 11 years, were given an online questionnaire in the classroom before rehearsals began and at two weeks post-performance with a six-month evaluation in one school. The impact of the musical was analysed using generalised linear models to control for confounding factors. For the qualitative evaluation, fifteen participating children were selected randomly from each school to take part in semi-structured focus groups (n = 5 per group) before rehearsals began and two weeks post-performance.FindingsKnowledge gain was demonstrated with children being more likely to answer questions on key messages of the musical correctly at two weeks post- performance (response rate 88%, n = 161) compared with the pre-rehearsal questionnaire (response rate 99%, n = 180) (bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics OR 4.63, C.I. 2.46-9.31 pInterpretationThis study demonstrates that musical theatre can improve both short and long-term knowledge. It demonstrates a hitherto infrequently reported change in attitude and motivation to change behaviour in children at an influential age for health beliefs. This unique public health tool has the potential for high impact particularly if rolled out within national education programmes for primary school aged children
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