Kinetics and Mechanisms of H₂S Adsorption by Alkaline Activated Carbon

Activated carbon adsorption is widely used to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S), one of the major odorous compounds, from gas streams. In this study, the mechanisms of H2S adsorption by alkaline activated carbon were systematically studied. Two brands of commercial activated carbons were used as H2S adsorbents. A series of designed experiments were carried out to understand on a fundamental basis the differences in H2S removal capacity observed for the two types of carbons and samples for the same carbon obtained from different batches. The physicochemical and structural characteristics of the original and exhausted activated carbons were identified using several analytical approaches (i.e., XRF, SEM, XRD, and BET). The relationships between the adsorption performances of activated carbon for H2S and its physicochemical characteristics were discussed. The kinetics of the H2S adsorption was also studied using TGA/DSC system. Both physical adsorption and chemisorption played an important role in the H2S adsorption mechanisms with the studied carbons. Chemisorption was rapid and occurred mostly at the carbon surface whereas physical adsorption was relatively slow and mostly took place at the inner pores of carbon. Carbon II demonstrated the best performance of H2S removal due to its high capacity of both physical adsorption and chemisorption. Catalytic effects of transition metals might also contribute to enhancing the H2S oxidation

Activation of AMPK in platelets promotes the production of offspring

Platelets are terminally differentiated anucleated cells, but they still have cell-like functions and can even produce progeny platelets. However, the mechanism of platelet sprouting has not been elucidated so far. Here, we show that when platelet-rich plasma(PRP) was cultured at 37°C, platelets showed a spore phenomenon. The number of platelets increased when given a specific shear force. It is found that AMP-related signaling pathways, such as PKA and AMPK are activated in platelets in the spore state. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of genes, such as CNN3, CAPZB, DBNL, KRT19, and ESPN related to PLS1 skeleton proteins also changed. Moreover, when we use the AMPK activator AICAR(AI) to treat washed platelets, cultured platelets can still appear spore phenomenon. We further demonstrate that washed platelets treated with Forskolin, an activator of PKA, not only platelet sprouting after culture but also the AMPK is activated. Taken together, these data demonstrate that AMPK plays a key role in the process of platelet budding and proliferation, suggesting a novel strategy to solve the problem of clinical platelet shortage. What is new?In this study, we showed that when platelet-rich plasma(PRP) was cultured at 37°C, platelets showed spore phenomenon and increased.It was found that AMP-related signaling pathways, such as PKA and AMPK were activated in platelets in the spore state.In addition, we found that PKA acts as an upstream kinase of AMPK.In the process of platelet sprouting and proliferation, the mRNA expression levels of skeleton protein PLS1 and its related genes, such as CNN3, CAPZB, DBNL, KRT19, andESPN also changed. In this study, we showed that when platelet-rich plasma(PRP) was cultured at 37°C, platelets showed spore phenomenon and increased. It was found that AMP-related signaling pathways, such as PKA and AMPK were activated in platelets in the spore state. In addition, we found that PKA acts as an upstream kinase of AMPK. In the process of platelet sprouting and proliferation, the mRNA expression levels of skeleton protein PLS1 and its related genes, such as CNN3, CAPZB, DBNL, KRT19, andESPN also changed. What is the impact?Our study proposes a new strategy to solve the problem of clinical platelet shortage. Our study proposes a new strategy to solve the problem of clinical platelet shortage.</p

Supplementary document for Self-supervised learning for single-pixel imaging via dual-domain constraints - 6305894.pdf

Supplementary material for SSUP-SP

Supplementary document for Sparse single-pixel imaging via optimization in non-uniform sampling sparsity - 6719511.pdf

Sparse single-pixel imaging via optimization in non-uniform sampling sparsity: Supplementary Materia

Fate of Selenium in Coal Combustion: Volatilization and Speciation in the Flue Gas

In light of Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, selenium will most probably be considered for regulation in the electric power industry. This has generated interest for removing this element from fossil-fired flue gas. This study deals with coal combustion:  selenium volatilization and its speciation in the cooled flue gas were investigated to better understand its chemical behavior to validate the thermodynamic approach to such complex systems and to begin developing emission control strategies. Se volatility is influenced by several factors such as temperature, residence time, fuel type, particle size, and Se speciation of the fuels, as well as the forms of the Se in the spiked coal/coke. Spiked coke and coal samples were burned in a thermobalance, and atomic Se and its dioxide were identified in the cooled combustion flue gas by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A thermodynamic calculation was applied to a complex system including 54 elements and 3200 species that describes the coal combustion. Several theoretical predictions concerning Se behavior, such as its speciation in flue gas, agreed well with experiments, which supports using thermodynamics for predicting trace element chemistry in combustion systems

The Simpson diversity indices for macrophytes and zooplankton, and the Shannon-Weaver bacterial diversity indices (based on flaA gene) in each pond at the end of the experiment (average index ± standard error).

<p>The Simpson diversity indices for macrophytes and zooplankton, and the Shannon-Weaver bacterial diversity indices (based on flaA gene) in each pond at the end of the experiment (average index ± standard error).</p

The reduction of cyanobacterial blooms using <i>E. equisetina</i> extract in an experimental versus control pond from April to June, 2008.

<p>The reduction of cyanobacterial blooms using <i>E. equisetina</i> extract in an experimental versus control pond from April to June, 2008.</p

The <i>in vitro</i> kinetic parameters of <i>E. equisetina</i> extract removing cyanobacteria (<i>M. aeruginosa</i>) from eutrophic water.

*<p>One-way ANOVA was performed for each treatment. <i>w</i> represents the rate constant for the applied <i>E. equisetina</i> extract dose. <i>p</i> values were determined using one-way ANOVA. Half-life  =  (ln (2))/<i>w</i>.</p

The growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> A) exposed to sterilized <i>E. equisetina</i> extract and B) pre-treated with strong illumination.

<p>The growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> A) exposed to sterilized <i>E. equisetina</i> extract and B) pre-treated with strong illumination.</p

Additional file 8 of Similarity measurements of B cell receptor repertoire in baseline mice showed spectrum convergence of IgM

Additional file 8: Table S2. Information of cross-individual clonal lineages and their nodes