10 research outputs found

    Reduced density gradient isosurface and residue type of Lhβ-defensin dimer.

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    <p>(A) Reduced density gradient isosurface map between Arg54 and Tyr32 in dimeric structure of Lhβ-defensin created by Multiwfn software [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0157544#pone.0157544.ref036" target="_blank">36</a>]. The blue, red and green (or earth green) colors indicate the strong attractive, strong repulsive and van der Waals interaction, respectively. (B) Surface of dimer colored by residue type. Blue are basic residues, red are acidic residues, green are polar residues, and white are non-polar residues.</p

    Order parameters (S<sub>CD</sub>) of saturated (sn-1) and unsaturated (sn-2) hydrocarbon chains in POPG computed using the last 20 ns trajectories of stimulation.

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    <p>Sn-1 and sn-2 referred to S<sub>CD</sub> calculated by POPG in the presence of Lhβ-defensin dimer, sn1-local and sn2-local to S<sub>CD</sub> calculated when PGPG was around 10 Å of defensin dimer, while sn1-pure POPG and sn2-pure POPG to S<sub>CD</sub> calculated by POPG in the absence of Lhβ-defensin dimer.</p

    Tissues expression of Lhβ-defensin in tissues of healthy and <i>S</i>. <i>dysgalactiae</i> infected fish.

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    <p>(A) Expression of Lhβ-defensin in healthy fish was measured by realtime PCR and normalized to β-actin. (B) Expression of Lhβ-defensin in fish infected with <i>S</i>. <i>dysgalactiae</i>. Fish in the bacterial infected group were infected intraperitoneally with 2×10<sup>6</sup> CFU live <i>S</i>. <i>dysgalactiae</i> and the control group was injected with the same amount of PBS solution. At 24 hpi, the tissues were selected for the gene expression analysis by Realtime PCR method. Asterisks indicate that the expression of Lhβ-defensin in the infected group was significantly up-regulated compared with that of control group (*<i>P</i><0.05).</p

    Snapshot showing the water defects and water translocations across the membrane (A); Interactions between arginines of Lhβ-defensin and POPG bilayer (B).

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    <p>Snapshot showing the water defects and water translocations across the membrane (A); Interactions between arginines of Lhβ-defensin and POPG bilayer (B).</p

    Multiple alignment of vertebrates β-defensins.

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    <p>C1-C6 indicated the six conserved cysteine residues. Black shade indicated identical amino acids and gray shade indicated similar amino acids.</p

    Cd<sup>2+</sup>-Doped Amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> Hollow Spheres for Robust and Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Sulfide

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    Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic molecule to human health, but high-performance detection of it remains a challenge. Herein, we report an ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for H<sub>2</sub>S by modifying indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes with Cd<sup>2+</sup>-doped amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> hollow spheres, which are prepared by templating against colloidal silica particles followed by a cadmium–sodium cation exchange reaction. The amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> hollow spheres act as both the probing cation carrier and the photoelectric beacon. Upon exposure to sulfide ions, the photocurrent of the functionalized photoanode proportionately decreases in response to the formation of CdS nanoparticles. The decreased photocurrent could be attributed to the mismatching bandgap between the amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> and CdS nanoparticles: the photoexcited electrons and holes from amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> are transferred to the conduction band and valence band of CdS, respectively, and then recombined. The decrease in photocurrent is linear with the concentration of sulfide ions in the range from 1 to 10 000 pmol L<sup>–1</sup> with a detection limit of 0.36 pmol L<sup>–1</sup>. Enabled by a unique sensitization mechanism, this PEC sensor features excellent performance in a wide linear range, high selectivity and sensitivity, high stability, and low fabrication cost

    Mesopore- and Macropore-Dominant Nitrogen-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbons for High-Energy and Ultrafast Supercapacitors in Non-Aqueous Electrolytes

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    Non-aqueous electrolytes (e.g., organic and ionic liquid electrolytes) can undergo high working voltage to improve the energy densities of supercapacitors. However, the large ion sizes, high viscosities, and low ionic conductivities of organic and ionic liquid electrolytes tend to cause the low specific capacitances, poor rate, and cycling performance of supercapacitors based on conventional micropore-dominant activated carbon electrodes, limiting their practical applications. Herein, we propose an effective strategy to simultaneously obtain high power and energy densities in non-aqueous electrolytes via using a cattle bone-derived porous carbon as an electrode material. Because of the unique co-activation of KOH and hydroxyapatite (HA) within the cattle bone, nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon (referred to as NHPC–HA/KOH) is obtained and possesses a mesopore- and macropore-dominant porosity with an ultrahigh specific surface area (2203 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>) of meso- and macropores. The NHPC–HA/KOH electrodes exhibit superior performance with specific capacitances of 224 and 240 F g<sup>–1</sup> at 5 A g<sup>–1</sup> in 1.0 M TEABF<sub>4</sub>/AN and neat EMIMBF<sub>4</sub> electrolyte, respectively. The symmetric supercapacitor using NHPC–HA/KOH electrodes can deliver integrated high energy and power properties (48.6 W h kg<sup>–1</sup> at 3.13 kW kg<sup>–1</sup> in 1.0 M TEABF<sub>4</sub>/AN and 75 W h kg<sup>–1</sup> at 3.75 kW kg<sup>–1</sup> in neat EMIMBF<sub>4</sub>), as well as superior cycling performance (over 89% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g<sup>–1</sup>)

    Novel CO<sub>2</sub> Fluorescence Turn-On Quantification Based on a Dynamic AIE-Active Metal–Organic Framework

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    Traditional CO<sub>2</sub> sensing technologies suffer from the disadvantages of being bulky and cross-sensitive to interferences such as CO and H<sub>2</sub>O, these issues could be properly tackled by innovating a novel fluorescence-based sensing technology. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which have been widely explored as versatile fluorescence sensors, are still at a standstill for aggregation-induced emission (AIE), and no example of MOFs showing a dynamic AIE activity has been reported yet. Herein, we report a novel MOF, which successfully converts the aggregation-caused quenching of the autologous ligand molecule to be AIE-active upon framework construction and exhibits bright fluorescence in a highly viscous environment, resulting in the first example of MOFs exhibiting a real dynamic AIE activity. Furthermore, a linear CO<sub>2</sub> fluorescence quantification for mixed gases in the concentration range of 2.5–100% was thus well-established. These results herald the understanding and advent of a new generation in all solid-state fluorescence fields

    From Lignin to Three-Dimensional Interconnected Hierarchically Porous Carbon with High Surface Area for Fast and Superhigh-Efficiency Adsorption of Sulfamethazine

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    A novel three-dimensional lignin-based interconnected hierarchical porous carbon (3DLHPC) with very high specific surface areas (2784 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>) and large pore volumes (1.382 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>) was prepared using sodium lignin sulfonate as carbon precursor, via confinement carbonization, etching silica-template, and <i>in situ</i> alkali activation, for fast and super highly efficient removal of sulfamethazine (SMZ) antibiotics from water. By batch adsorption experiments test, 3DLHPC showed a strong adsorption affinity for SMZ with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 869.6 mg g<sup>–1</sup> at 308 K. Owing to this well-defined 3D interconnected hierarchical porous structure, the adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 30 min at 298 K. The adsorption mechanism might be involved in van der Waals force, π–π EDA interaction, electronic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction, as well as hydrogen bonding interaction. Meanwhile, it was demonstrated that 3DLHPC exhibited excellent regeneration ability, showing the potential possibility for antibiotic wastewater treatments
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