Association of baseline iron status with treatment failure at one month after initiation.

a<p>Baseline iron status was categorized as low: plasma ferritin <30 µg/L; normal: plasma ferritin 30 to ≤150 µg/L for women and 30 to ≤200 µg/L for men; and high: plasma ferritin >150 µg/L for women and >200 µg/L for men.</p>b<p>Adjusted risk ratio from a log-binomial regression model adjusting for baseline covariates including sex, age (years), money spent on food per person per day (<500, ≥500 TSH), number of colonies in AFB culture, Karnofsky score (<70%, ≥70%), BMI (kg/m²), history of TB disease (yes/no), HIV infection status, CD4 T cell count (cells/uL) and log HIV RNA (copies/mL), trial regimen and C-reactive protein (mg/L).</p><p><i>P</i> value, test for interaction by HIV infection status = 0.55.</p

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of 705 tuberculosis patients at baseline by level of iron status.

<p>Values are n (%), unless otherwise stated. Totals may be less than 705 due to missing values.</p><p>Abbreviations used: IQR, inter-quartile range, AFB, acid-fast bacilli, BMI, body mass index, WHO, World Health Organization.</p>a<p>Baseline iron status was categorized as low: plasma ferritin <30 µg/L; normal: plasma ferritin 30 to ≤150 µg/L for women and 30 to ≤200 µg/L for men; and high: plasma ferritin >150 µg/L for women and >200 µg/L for men.</p>b<p><i>P</i> value is from the χ² test for proportions and the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous measures.</p>c<p>Household size was defined as the number of people eating in the household.</p>d<p>Amount spent on food is in Tanzanian shillings per person per day. At the time of the start of the study in 2000, the mean exchange rate was 1 USD = 799 Tanzanian shillings.</p>e<p>WHO clinical stage and HIV RNA assessed only in HIV-infected patients, n = 362.</p

Association of baseline iron status with mortality and HIV disease progression from WHO stage 3 to stage 4.

a<p>Baseline iron status was categorized as low: plasma ferritin <30 µg/L; normal: plasma ferritin 30 to ≤150 µg/L for women and 30 to ≤200 µg/L for men; and high: plasma ferritin >150 µg/L for women and >200 µg/L for men.</p>b<p>Adjusted relative risk from a proportional hazards model adjusting for baseline covariates including sex, age (years), money spent on food per person per day (<500, ≥500 TSH), number of colonies in AFB culture, Karnofsky score (<70%, ≥70%), BMI (kg/m²), history of TB disease (yes/no), HIV infection status, CD4 T cell count (cells/uL) and log HIV RNA (copies/mL), trial regimen and C-reactive protein (mg/L).</p><p><i>P</i> value, test for interaction by HIV infection status for mortality endpoint = 0.22.</p

Association of baseline iron status with tuberculosis recurrence.

a<p>Baseline iron status was categorized as low: plasma ferritin <30 µg/L; normal: plasma ferritin 30 to ≤150 µg/L for women and 30 to ≤200 µg/L for men; and high: plasma ferritin >150 µg/L for women and >200 µg/L for men.</p>b<p>Adjusted relative risk from a proportional hazards model adjusting for baseline covariates including sex, age (years), money spent on food per person per day (<500, ≥500 TSH), number of colonies in AFB culture, Karnofsky score (<70%, ≥70%), BMI (kg/m²), history of TB disease (yes/no), HIV infection status, CD4 T cell count (cells/uL) and log HIV RNA (copies/mL), trial regimen and C-reactive protein (mg/L).</p><p><i>P</i> value, test for interaction by HIV infection status = 0.02.</p

Characteristics of Enrolled Subjects at Study Enrollment by Sex and History of ART.

<p><u>Footnote:</u> n, number; IQR, interquartile range; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; ARV, antiretroviral; CVL, cervical vaginal lavage.</p

Effect of VPA and intensified ART on resting cell infection and low-level viremia.

<p>*All results represent pooled assays at entry/week −4, and week 12/16. Baseline ART assays for patients 6, 9, and 12 represent pooled assays from entry/week −4 and 2 prior time points. Weeks 32, 48, 96 are assays from only those time points.</p><p>**Simultaneous Amplicor assays at all SCA time points were <50 copies, except for patient 3 at day of study entry when Amplicor = 58 and SCA>1000.</p><p>†Declined VPA dose escalation.</p><p>††Intermittent non-adherence to study medication.</p><p>§Early study discontinuation.</p

Association of Blood-Plasma and Genital Tract Fluid HIV RNA by Sex.

<p>Scatterplots demonstrating the Spearman correlations between blood and seminal plasma (A) and between blood and SnoStrip (B) viral load. Filled symbols represent those with paired blood and genital secretion genotypes; individuals with detectable drug resistance mutations in either blood or genital secretions are marked with an ‘x’.</p

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Plasma and Genital Tract Fluid by Drug Class in Enrolled Men and Women.

<p>Vertical bars represent percent of subjects with resistance mutations, overall and by drug class (NRTI: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NNRTI: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PI: protease inhibitor).</p

HIV RNA level in Anatomic Compartments of Enrolled Men and Women.

<p>Vertical bars represent percent of subjects with detectable viral load at study enrollment by anatomic compartment fluid and treatment status. The ‘untreated’ group refers to subjects who were either antiretroviral drug naïve or who had been off ART for ≥90 days.</p

Flowchart of Enrolled Subjects and Available Samples by Sex.

<p>White boxes represent the subset of subjects with genotypes available from both blood and genital secretions. The ‘untreated’ group refers to subjects who were either antiretroviral drug naïve or who had been off ART for ≥90 days.</p