Commutative Energetic Subsets of BCK-Algebras

The notions of a C-energetic subset and (anti) permeable C-value in BCK-algebras are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Conditions for an element t in [0, 1] to be an (anti) permeable C-value are provided. Also conditions for a subset to be a C-energetic subset are discussed. We decompose BCK-algebra by a partition which consists of a C-energetic subset and a commutative ideal

Ordered homomorphisms and kernels of ordered BCI-algebras

Recently Yang-Roh-Jun introduced the notion of ordered BCI-algebras as a generalization of BCI-algebras. They also introduced the notions of homomorphisms and kernels of ordered BCI-algebras and investigated related properties. Here we extend their investigation to ordered homomorphisms, i.e., order-preserving homomorphisms. To this end, the notions of ordered homomorphism and kernel of ordered BCI-algebras are first defined. Next, properties associated with (ordered) subalgebras, (ordered) filters and direct products of ordered BCI-algebras are addressed

Ordered subalgebras of ordered BCI-algebras based on the MBJ-neutrosophic structure

The neutrosophic set consists of three fuzzy sets called true membership function, false membership function and indeterminate membership function. MBJ-neutrosophic structure is a structure constructed using interval-valued fuzzy set instead of indeterminate membership function in the neutrosophic set. In general, the indeterminate part appears in a wide range. So instead of treating the indeterminate part as a single value, it is treated as an interval value, allowing a much more comprehensive processing. In an attempt to apply the MBJ-neutrosophic structure to ordered BCI-algebras, the notion of MBJ-neutrosophic (ordered) subalgebras is introduced and their properties are studied. The relationship between MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra and MBJ-neutrosophic ordered subalgebra is established, and MBJ-neutrosophic ordered subalgebra is formed using (intuitionistic) fuzzy ordered subalgebra

Closed Int Soft -Ideals and Int Soft c--Ideals

The aim of this paper is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic tool in considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In order to provide these soft algebraic structures, the notions of closed intersectional soft -ideals and intersectional soft commutative -ideals are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Conditions for an intersectional soft -ideal to be closed are provided. Characterizations of an intersectional soft commutative -ideal are established, and a new intersectional soft c--ideal from an old one is constructed

STRONG IMPLICATIVE HYPER K-IDEALS

A condition for a strong hyper K-ideal to be a strong implicative hyper K-ideal is given. Homomorphic images and inverse images of strong implicative hyper K-ideals are considered

Development of selective blockers for Ca2+-activated Cl- channel using Xenopus laevis oocytes with an improved drug screening strategy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ca²⁺-activated Cl^-channels (CaCCs) participate in many important physiological processes. However, the lack of effective and selective blockers has hindered the study of these channels, mostly due to the lack of good assay system. Here, we have developed a reliable drug screening method for better blockers of CaCCs, using the endogeneous CaCCs in <it>Xenopus laevis </it>oocytes and two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) technique.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Oocytes were prepared with a treatment of Ca²⁺ionophore, which was followed by a treatment of thapsigargin which depletes Ca²⁺stores to eliminate any contribution of Ca²⁺release. TEVC was performed with micropipette containing chelerythrine to prevent PKC dependent run-up or run-down. Under these conditions, Ca²⁺-activated Cl^-currents induced by bath application of Ca²⁺to oocytes showed stable peak amplitude when repetitively activated, allowing us to test several concentrations of a test compound from one oocyte. Inhibitory activities of commercially available blockers and synthesized anthranilic acid derivatives were tested using this method. As a result, newly synthesized <it>N</it>-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)anthranilic acid with trifluoromethyl group (-CF₃) at <it>para </it>position on the benzene ring showed the lowest IC₅₀.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results provide an optimal drug screening strategy suitable for high throughput screening, and propose <it>N</it>-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)anthranilic acid as an improved CaCC blocker.</p

Case Report: Ménière's Disease-Like Symptoms in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22, is characterized by congenital heart disease, hypoparathyroidism, immunodeficiency, developmental delay, and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Anatomic malformations of the middle and inner ears are frequently present, leading to high prevalence of hearing impairment. We present a first case of 22q11.2DS showing fluctuating hearing loss with recurrent vertigo attacks, resembling Ménière's disease. A 38-year-old male known to have 22q11.2DS developed recurrent vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss in the left ear during a 10-year follow-up period. During vertigo attack, he had spontaneous left-beating nystagmus with downbeat components, but bithermal caloric and video head impulse tests showed normal vestibulo-ocular reflex functions. Sequential pure tone audiograms demonstrated fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in both ears, which finally progressed to permanent hearing loss in the left ear. Computed tomography imaging of the temporal bone exhibited bilaterally malformed lateral semicircular canals, and delayed 3D-FLAIR sequences revealed cochlear endolymphatic hydrops with dilation of the scala media in the left ear. This case shows that acute vertigo with SNHL can be one of the audiovestibular presentations in 22q11.2DS caused by disturbance of endolymphatic flow

CD82/KAI1 Maintains the Dormancy of Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells through Interaction with DARC- Expressing Macrophages

Hematopoiesis is regulated by crosstalk between long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and supporting niche cells in the bone marrow (BM). Here, we examine the role of CD82/ KAI1 in niche-mediated LT-HSC maintenance. We found that CD82/ KAI1 is expressed predominantly on LT-HSCs and rarely on other hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs). In Cd82 +/-/+/- mice, LTHSCs were selectively lost as they exited from quiescence and differentiated. Mechanistically, CD82based TGF-b1/ Smad3 signaling leads to induction of CDK inhibitors and cell-cycle inhibition. The CD82 binding partner DARC/ CD234 is expressed on macrophages and stabilizes CD82 on LT-HSCs, promoting their quiescence. When DARC + BMmacrophages were ablated, the level of surface CD82 on LT-HSCs decreased, leading to cell-cycle entry, proliferation, and differentiation. A similar interaction appears to be relevant for human HSPCs. Thus, CD82 is a functional surface marker of LT-HSCs that maintains quiescence through interaction with DARC-expressing macrophages in the BM stem cell niche.113525Ysciescopu

Accuracy of Imputation of Microsatellite Markers from BovineSNP50 and BovineHD BeadChip in Hanwoo Population of Korea

Until now microsatellite (MS) have been a popular choice of markers for parentage verification. Recently many countries have moved or are in process of moving from MS markers to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for parentage testing. FAO-ISAG has also come up with a panel of 200 SNPs to replace the use of MS markers in parentage verification. However, in many countries most of the animals were genotyped by MS markers till now and the sudden shift to SNP markers will render the data of those animals useless. As National Institute of Animal Science in South Korea plans to move from standard ISAG recommended MS markers to SNPs, it faces the dilemma of exclusion of old animals that were genotyped by MS markers. Thus to facilitate this shift from MS to SNPs, such that the existing animals with MS data could still be used for parentage verification, this study was performed. In the current study we performed imputation of MS markers from the SNPs in the 500-kb region of the MS marker on either side. This method will provide an easy option for the labs to combine the data from the old and the current set of animals. It will be a cost efficient replacement of genotyping with the additional markers. We used 1,480 Hanwoo animals with both the MS data and SNP data to impute in the validation animals. We also compared the imputation accuracy between BovineSNP50 and BovineHD BeadChip. In our study the genotype concordance of 40% and 43% was observed in the BovineSNP50 and BovineHD BeadChip respectively

Assessment of Tissue Viability Using Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MRI in Hyperacute Stroke

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the diffusion and perfusion parameters in hyperacute infarction, and we wanted to determine the viability threshold for the ischemic penumbra using diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging (DWI and PWI, respectively). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both DWI and PWI were performed within six hours from the onset of symptoms for 12 patients who had suffered from acute stroke. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were identified: ROI 1 was the initial lesion on DWI; ROI 2 was the DWI/PWI mismatch area (the penumbra) that progressed onward to the infarct; and ROI 3 was the mismatch area that recovered to normal on the follow-up scans. The ratios of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and the time to peak (TTP) were calculated as the lesions' ROIs divided by the contralateral mirror ROIs, and these values were then correlated with each other. The viability threshold was determined by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: For all three ROIs, the ADC ratios had significant linear correlation with the TTP ratios (p < 0.001), but not with the rCBV ratios (p = 0.280). There was no significant difference for the ADC and rCBV ratios within the ROIs. The mean TTP ratio/TTP delay between the penumbras' two ROIs showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.001). The cutoff value between ROI 2 and ROI 3, as the viability threshold, was a TTP ratio of 1.29 (with a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 73%, respectively) and a TTP delay of 7.8 sec (with a sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 72%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Determining the viability thresholds for the TTP ratio/delay on the PWI may be helpful for selecting those patients who would benefit from the various therapeutic interventions that can be used during the acute phase of ischemic stroke