Estimated values, standard error (SE), p-value and omega squared (Ω²) of the effects of light, air temperature and precipitation and their two-way interactions on Fv/Fm.

<p>Estimated values, standard error (SE), p-value and omega squared (Ω²) of the effects of light, air temperature and precipitation and their two-way interactions on Fv/Fm.</p

Fv/Fm (dimensionless) in function of time of the day (TOD) of the 5^th node.

<p>Closed circles represent the predicted values for DOY 10, open circles represent the predicted values for DOY 80 and triangles represent the fitted values for DOY 110. TOD is expressed in local time.</p

Fv/Fm (dimensionless) in function of day of year (DOY).

<p>The small crosses represent all measured values during the period 2009–2011, the small line is the fit of the nonlinear function of the 5^th node (NN = 5) in the morning, the thick line is the fit of the nonlinear function of the same node (NN = 5) at noon. Spring and autumn are indicated in grey, whereas winter and summer are indicated in white. The vertical bars are DOY taken for <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072145#pone-0072145-g003" target="_blank">figure 3</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072145#pone-0072145-g004" target="_blank">4</a>.</p

Anova table of the seasonal diurnal and vertical effect on Fv/Fm in the nonlinear mixed model.

<p>a = amplitude of the Fv/Fm values; b = indicator of the width of the seasonal dip (expressed in DOY²); c = minimum Fv/Fm value;d = day of the year where the minimum Fv/Fm value was reached. NN = node number and TOD = time of the day. NumDF = numerator degrees of freedom; denDF = denominator degrees of freedom.</p

Estimated values, standard error and p-value of the diurnal and vertical effect on the Fv/Fm parameter in the nonlinear mixed model.

<p>a = amplitude of the Fv/Fm values; b = indicator of the width of the seasonal dip (expressed in DOY²); c = minimum Fv/Fm value; d = day of the year where the minimum Fv/Fm value was reached. NN = node number and TOD = time of the day, with TOD_am = morning, TOD_noon = midday and TOD_pm = afternoon, SE = Standard error.</p><p>Values followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different from each other at p<0.05. NS = not significant.</p

Fv/Fm (dimensionless) in function of node number (NN) at noon.

<p>Nodes are numbered from top (NN = 1) to bottom (NN = 13), Closed circles represent the predicted values for DOY 10, open circles represent the predicted values for DOY 80 and triangles represent the predicted values for DOY 110.</p

Mean LAI-values (m²m⁻²) in spring, summer and autumn of 2011.

<p>SE = standard error. Different letters in superscript denote significant (p<0.05) differences between seasons.</p

Meteorological data.

<p>Sum of the daily global radiation, mean daily air temperature and daily precipitation for 2009, 2010, 2011.</p

Table_1_Quality criteria of nature-based interventions in healthcare facilities: a scoping review.XLSX

IntroductionImplementing integrated nature-based interventions that simultaneously serve human health and the restoration of biodiversity in healthcare facilities is considered a promising strategy. As an emerging field of research and practice in healthcare, identification of quality criteria is necessary to support desired outcomes related to biodiversity, human health and intervention processes. This study is part of a larger research project in collaboration with the Flemish Agency of Nature and Forest in Belgium.MethodsA scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus. A step-by-step tabular screening process was conducted to identify relevant studies and reviews of nature-based interventions, published in English between January 2005 and April 2023. A qualitative content analysis was conducted and the results were then presented to the project steering group and a panel of stakeholders for refinement.ResultsAfter filtering on the eligibility criteria, and with focus on healthcare facilities, 14 articles were included in this study. A preliminary nature-based interventions quality framework with a set of quality indicators has been developed.DiscussionWhen designing integrated nature-based interventions, a needs analysis of users and the outdoor environment should be conducted. Next, the integration of a One Health and biodiversity perspective and the application of a complex intervention framework, could support the quality of the design and implementation of nature-based interventions in healthcare facilities and facilitate their assessment. In future work, more rigorous research into the design and implementation of integrated nature-based interventions is needed to test and refine the quality criteria in practice.</p

How Does the Amount and Composition of PM Deposited on <i>Platanus acerifolia</i> Leaves Change Across Different Cities in Europe?

Particulate matter (PM) deposited on <i>Platanus acerifolia</i> tree leaves has been sampled in the urban areas of 28 European cities, over 20 countries, with the aim of testing leaf deposited particles as indicator of atmospheric PM concentration and composition. Leaves have been collected close to streets characterized by heavy traffic and within urban parks. Leaf surface density, dimensions, and elemental composition of leaf deposited particles have been compared with leaf magnetic content, and discussed in connection with air quality data. The PM quantity and size were mainly dependent on the regional background concentration of particles, while the percentage of iron-based particles emerged as a clear marker of traffic-related pollution in most of the sites. This indicates that <i>Platanus acerifolia</i> is highly suitable to be used in atmospheric PM monitoring studies and that morphological and elemental characteristics of leaf deposited particles, joined with the leaf magnetic content, may successfully allow urban PM source apportionment