A aquisição do aspecto perfect no inglês como L2 por falantes brasileiros

O aspecto perfect refere-se à expressão linguística das noções (i) de continuidade no presente de uma situação iniciada no passado (perfect do tipo universal) e (ii) de efeitos no presente de uma situação finalizada no passado (perfect do tipo existencial). No inglês, essas duas noções podem ser expressas pela perífrase verbal “to have” (“ter”) + particípio, ou passado composto; no português, apenas a primeira noção pode ser expressa por essa perífrase, além de poder ser expressa pela perífrase progressiva “estar” + gerúndio e pelo presente simples, enquanto a segunda noção é expressa pela forma verbal de passado simples. Considerando que esses dois sistemas de língua diferem na maneira de expressar linguisticamente o aspecto perfect, objetiva-se investigar a aquisição do perfect universal e existencial no inglês como L2 por falantes de português brasileiro. Partiu-se da hipótese de que a aquisição de perfect universal e perfect existencial por falantes de português aprendendo inglês como L2 inicia-se exclusivamente pelo uso das mesmas formas verbais utilizadas no português para veicular esse aspecto. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um teste de preenchimento de lacuna aplicado a vinte e cinco aprendizes de inglês falantes de português, agrupados em três níveis de exposição à língua. Com base na análise dos resultados, refutou-se a hipótese deste estudo, já que, desde o nível Básico 1, os participantes utilizaram, além de outras formas verbais, o passado composto para expressar o perfect universal e também o existencial, o que não caracteriza, nesse último caso, um uso previsto no português.Palavras-chave: Aquisição de L2. Aspecto. Perfect. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47295/mgren.v10i4.358

Como avaliar a deliberação online? Um mapeamento de critérios relevantes

Este artigo explora os critérios utilizados Resumo nas pesquisas da área de Deliberação Online. Através de uma ampla revisão de literatura, foram selecionados os 59 artigos que elencam os indicadores a serem medidos em discussões na internet. Nestes artigos, foram encontrados, ao todo, 369 critérios, com média de 6,25 por artigo e desvio padrão de 2,69. Em um segundo momento, o esforço da pesquisa se deu no agrupamento de tais critérios em categorias mais amplas e conectadas aos princípios deliberativos. Os critérios foram então resumidos a 8 categorias, a saber: Justificação, Reciprocidade, Reflexividade, Respeito, Pluralidade, Igualdade, Informação e Tópico. Conclui-se que, apesar dos muitos critérios utilizados, não se trata de uma dispersão dos estudos de deliberação online. Este resultado está ligado às diferentes correntes teóricas da democracia deliberativa, à difícil operacionalização dos critérios, à necessidade de critérios específicos para os diferentes contextos e objetos de análise e, em vários casos, à simples diferença de taxonomia. Abstract: This paper explores the main criteria use Abstract: d in researches in the field of online deliberation. Through an extensive literature review, we selected 59 articles that list indicators to assess discussions in the internet. In these articles were found, altogether, 369 criteria, with an average of 6,25 per item and standard deviation of 2,69. In a second stage, the research effort is made to group these criteria into broad categories and connected to the deliberative principles. The criteria were summarized in eight categories, namely: Justification, Reciprocity, Reflexivity, Respect, Pluralism, Equality, Information and Topic. We conclude that despite the many criteria used, one cannot say there is an excessive dispersion at online deliberation studies. This result is linked to different deliberative democracy approaches, the difficult to operationalize the criterion, the need for specific criterion for different contexts and objects and, in many cases, the mere difference of taxonomy.Keywords: deliberative democracy; online deliberation; political communication; public spher

A contribuição da economia social e solidária para a autonomia das populações indígenas situadas numa área de reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável na Amazônia

The article presents part of the results of an exploratory, observational and analytical-descriptive investigation carried out in two of the five riverside communities that make up the Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve, Manaus, Amazonas. Comparing the activities that indigenous groups carry out with those of other non-indigenous population groups interviewed, we intended to assess the vulnerability of the local economy to the uncertainties and specificities of the competitive capitalist world. The observed results indicate that the tourist valorization of the set of material, symbolic resources, and accumulated knowledge can guarantee the survival of traditional communities. It also appears as an opportunity for cultural autonomy and financial independence for human groups often excluded from the process of well-being and quality of life, as is the case of the analyzed indigenous population. However, given the restrictions imposed on tourist activities by the Coronavirus SARS 19 pandemic, other measures are needed.  El artículo presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación exploratoria, observacional y analítico-descriptiva realizada en dos de las cinco comunidades ribereñas que conforman la Reserva de Desarrollo Sostenible Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas. Comparando las actividades que realizan los grupos indígenas con las de otros grupos de población no indígena entrevistados, pretendemos evaluar la vulnerabilidad de la economía local a las incertidumbres y especificidades del competitivo mundo capitalista. Los resultados observados indican que la valorización turística del conjunto de recursos materiales, simbólicos y conocimientos acumulados puede garantizar la supervivencia de las comunidades tradicionales. También aparece como una oportunidad de autonomía cultural e independencia financiera para grupos humanos muchas veces excluidos del proceso de bienestar y calidad de vida, como es el caso de la población indígena analizada. Sin embargo, dadas las restricciones impuestas a las actividades turísticas por la pandemia del coronavirus SARS 19, se necesitan otras medidas.   ARK-CAICYT: ark:/s18514715/mepti9sza O artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma investigação exploratória, observacional e analítico-descritiva realizada em duas das cinco comunidades ribeirinhas que compõem a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas. Comparando as atividades que os grupos indígenas realizam com as de outros grupos populacionais não indígenas entrevistados, pretendeu-se avaliar a vulnerabilidade da economia local às incertezas e especificidades do competitivo mundo capitalista. Os resultados observados indicam que a valorização turística do conjunto de recursos materiais, simbólicos e de saberes acumulados pode garantir a sobrevivência das comunidades tradicionais. Surge também como oportunidade de autonomia cultural e independência financeira para grupos humanos muitas vezes excluídos do processo de bem-estar e qualidade de vida, como é o caso da população indígena analisada. No entanto, dadas as restrições impostas às atividades turísticas pela pandemia Coronavirus SARS 19, outras medidas são necessárias.     ARK-CAICYT: ark:/s18514715/mepti9sza&nbsp

New insights on the impacts of e-waste towards marine bivalves: the case of the rare earth element Dysprosium

With the technological advances and economic development, the multiplicity and wide variety of applications of electrical and electronic equipment have increased, as well as the amount of end-of-life products (waste of electrical and electronic equipment, WEEE). Accompanying their increasing application, there is an increasing risk to aquatic ecosystems and inhabiting organisms. Among the most common elements present in WEEE are rare earth elements (REE) such as Dysprosium (Dy). The present study evaluated the metabolic and oxidative stress responses of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to an increasing range of Dy concentrations, after a 28 days experimental period. The results obtained highlighted that Dy was responsible for mussel’s metabolic increase associated with glycogen expenditure, activation of antioxidant and biotransformation defences and cellular damage, with a clear loss of redox balance. Such effects may greatly impact mussel’s physiological functions, including reproduction capacity and growth, with implications for population conservation. Overall the present study pointed out the need for more research on the toxic impacts resulting from these emerging pollutants, especially towards marine and estuarine invertebrate species.publishe

Uso de metformina no tratamento da obesidade infantil e na adolescência: uma revisão bibliográfica / Metformin use in the treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity: a literature review

Hoje nos deparamos com um grande problema de saúde pública: a obesidade infantil. Dessa forma estudos para a sua abordagem são necessárias para guiar o profissional da saúde na condução dos casos. O uso da metformina é um medicamento amplamente utilizado para o tratamento da diabetes na população adulta. O estudo presente traz o uso dessa mesma medicação no tratamento da obesidade infantil.

Stocks of carbon in logs and timber products from forest management in the Southwestern Amazon

Amazon forest management plans have a variety of effects on carbon emissions, both positive and negative. All of these effects need to be quantified to assess the role of this land use in climate change. Here, we contribute to this effort by evaluating the carbon stocks in logs and timber products from an area under forest management in the southeastern portion of Acre State, Brazil. One hundred and thirty-six trees of 12 species had DBH ranging from 50.9 cm to 149.9 cm. Basic wood density ranged from 0.3 cm−3 to 0.8 g cm−3 with an average of 0.6 g cm−3. The logs had a total volume of 925.2 m3, biomass of 564 Mg, and carbon stock of 484.2 MgC. The average volumetric yield coefficient (VYC) was 52.3% and the carbon yield coefficient (CYC) was 53.2% for logs of the 12 species. The sawn-wood products had a total volume of 484.2 m3, biomass of 302.6 Mg, and carbon stock of 149.9 MgC. Contributions of the different species to the total carbon stored in sawn-wood products ranged from 2.2% to 21.0%. Means and standard deviations for carbon transferred to sawn-wood products per-species from the 1252.8-ha harvested area ranged from 0.4 ± 1.1 MgC to 2.9 ± 0.4 MgC, with the largest percentages of the total carbon stored in wood products being from Dipteryx odorata (21.0%), Apuleia leiocarpa (18.7%), and Eschweilera grandiflora (11.7%). A total of 44,783 pieces of sawn lumber (such as rafters, planks, boards, battens, beams, and small beams) was obtained from logs derived from these trees. Lumber production was highest for boards (54.6% of volume, 47.4% of carbon) and lowest for small beams (1.9% of volume, 2.3% of carbon). The conversion factor for transforming log volume into carbon stored in sawn-wood products was 16.2%. Our results also show that species that retain low amounts of carbon should be allowed to remain in the forest, thereby avoiding low sawmill yield (and consequent generation of waste) and allowing these trees to continue fulfilling environmental functions

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Language endangerment and language documentation in Africa

Non peer reviewe