Dutch-Indonesian Interlanguage Psycholinguistic Study on Syntax

This article focuses on the psycholinguistic study of the syntactic aspects of Dutch-Indonesian interlanguage. The study is based on the interlanguage syntax observed in an oral test given to thirty Indonesian learners of Dutch as a second language, whose purpose is to test the processability theory of Pienemann (2005a, b, c, 2007). The results of the study provide evidence for the validity of Pienemann's theory. Learners who have acquired sentences with the highest level of processing will also already have acquired sentences with a lower level of processing. The results from learners with a high level of Dutch proficiency verify the processability theory with more certainty than the results of learners with a lower proficiency. Learners tend to rely on meaning if they are not confident of their grammatical proficiency. Interlanguage is the result of the immediate need to encode in the mind concepts and ideas into the form of linguistic items, within a fraction of a millisecond, whilst the supporting means are limited, and whilst learners already have acquired a first language and possibly another language as well

Kajian Pemanfaatan Potensi Suhu Air Laut sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan Menghasilkan Energi

Tenaga yang dihasilkan pada pompa 0,97 kj/kg, entalpi fluida sebelum dipompa 122,62 kj/kg, entalpi fluida sesudah dipompa 123,86 kj/kg, daya pompa air laut dingin 3200 Watt = 3,2 kW, daya pompa air laut hangat 980 Watt = 0,98 kW maka daya total pada pompa adalah 3200 Watt + 980 Watt = 4180 Watt atau 4.18 kW.Kerja yang dihasilkan oleh turbin adalah 93,56 kj/kg, Perubahan entalpi uap air laut akan sama dengan kecepatan uap turbin 398,7 m/s. Maka daya yang dibangkitkan generator adalah 1,25 kW atau 1250 Watt

Isolasi Skopoletin Dari Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L) Dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidannya

Scopoletin has been isolated from chloroform fraction of methanolic extract of Mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia L). Its structure was confirmed using infra red spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Scopoletin revealed a scavenging activity of 2,2'-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical by IC 50 348.79 μg/mL, 35 times lower than that of vitamin E (IC 50 9.77 μg/mL). Furthermore, scopoletin also showed an antioxidant activity which was lower than that of vitamin E by using linoleic-thiocyanate method

Kajian Reversibilitas Interaksi Marmin Terhadap Reseptor Histamin H1, Asetilkolin Muskarinik Ach-m3 Dan β2-adrenergik

Previous studies concluded that amarmin(7 - (6 \u27, 7\u27-dihidroxygeranyl-oxy) coumarin) shown to inhibit isolated Guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle contraction through its effect as an H1and Ach-M3receptor\u27s antagonist. Marmin also slightly increases tracheal smooth muscle relaxation induced by isoproterenol through its interaction on β2-adrenergic receptor. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the reversibility of marmin interaction on H1, Ach-M3 and β2-adrenergic receptors.The study conducted using in vitro isolated-trachea experimental. Reversibility studies performed after marmin (10 and 100) μM treatment on tracheal smooth muscle contraction/relaxation induced by agonists (histamine, methacholine and isoproterenol). Trachea was washed for 30minuteswith Krebs buffer solution replacement every five minutes. Furthermore, trachea contracted or relaxed with series histamine (10-8 – 10-3) M; methacholine (10-8 – 10-3) M and isoproterenol (10-7 – 3.10-3) M. Data were expressed as mean±SEM. The pD2values are derived from the negative logarithm to base 10 of the agonist\u27s concentration which cause a half maximal response to the contraction or relaxation.The results showed that the marmin interaction on H1, Ach-M3, and β2-adrenergic receptors are reversible. One-way Anova concluded that histamine, metacholine and isoproterenol pD2 value before and after marmin (10 and 100) μM treatments are not different statistically (p>0.05)

PEMBUATAN GEL CERIA STABILIZED ZIRCONIA METODE GELASI EKSTERNAL

ABSTRAK –Telah dilakukan pembuatan gel ceria stabilized zirconia (CSZ) dengan metoda gelasi eksternal. Sebagai bahan dasar umpan gelasi menggunakan Ce(NO3)3.6H2O dan ZrO(NO3)2.2H2O dengan perbandingan mol Zr/Ce = 8. Pembuatan umpan gelasi kedua bahan pokok dicampur dilarutkan dalam Air Bebas Mineral (ABM) ditambah zat aditif Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) sebagai pengatur viskositas dan Tetra Hydro Furfuryl Alcohol (THFA). Untuk memperoleh gel yang baik, maka parameter kunci yang harus dipenuhi antara lain adalah pH sol, viskositas umpan, frekuensi, amplitude dan flow rate aliran umpan. Proses setelah gelasi eksternal meliputi perendaman, pencucian dan pengeringan serta kalsinasi. Pada proses pencucian, konduktivitas air cucian terakhir dikondisikan pada ≤ 20 µS/cm setara dengan 0,001 % berat kandungan NH4OH, dianggap gel sudah cukup baik untuk dilanjutkan ke proses selanjutnya. Proses pengeringan dilakukan pada kondisi vakum pada 80 oC dan kondisi temperature kamar sedangkan kalsinasi pada suhu 300 oC dan 500 oC dengan laju pemanasan < 2oC pada suasana atmosfer. Gel CSZ hasil pengeringan diukur diameternya dan kondisi fisiknya menggunakan mikroskop digital. Dari hasil pengukuran diameter gel CSZ basah, diameter gel hasil pengeringan adalah 1,0058 mm dan diameter hasil kalsinasi pada suhu 300 oC adalah 0,663 mm serta 500 oC diameternya 0,635 mm. Kondisi fisik gel CSZ hasil pengeringan dan kalsinasi adalah utuh, bulat dan tidak pecah. Kata kunci: sol gel, gelasi ekternal, ceria stabilized zirconia ABSTRACT –The ceria stabilized zirconia (CSZ) gel was prepared with an external gelation method. As starting material Ce (NO3) 3.6H2O and ZrO (NO 3) 2.2H2O with mol ratio Zr to Ce 8. Was Used the broth solution of the two starting materials is mixed dissolved in demineral Water plus additives Polivinyl Alcohol (PVA) it is resulted not not viscosity control and Tetra Hydro Furfural Alcohol (THFA). To obtain a good gel, the key parameters such as pH sol, feed viscosity, frequency, amplitude and flowrate of the feed gelation. After the external gelation aging, washing and drying (AWD), as well as calcination were conducted In the washing process, the last wash in water conductivity is conditioned at ≤20μS / cm equivalent to 0.001% by weight of NH4OH content, which is considered to be sufficiently good to proceed to the next process. The drying process is carried out under vacuum at 80 ° C and room temperature conditions while calcination at 300 ° C and 500 ° C with a heating rate <2 ° C/min in atmospheric. The CSZ gel diameter measured and the physical condition was observed by digital microscope. The result of measurement of wet CSZ gel diameter, the drying gel atdiameter is 1.0058 mm and the diameter of the calcined product at 300oC is 0.663 mm and 500oC is 0.635 mm. The physical condition of CSZ gel after dryingprocess and calcination shows intact, round and not cracked . Keywords: sol gel, external gelation, ceria stabilized zirconi

PEMBUATAN GEL CERIA STABILIZED ZIRCONIA METODE GELASI EKSTERNAL

ABSTRAK –Telah dilakukan pembuatan gel ceria stabilized zirconia (CSZ) dengan metoda gelasi eksternal. Sebagai bahan dasar umpan gelasi menggunakan Ce(NO3)3.6H2O dan ZrO(NO3)2.2H2O dengan perbandingan mol Zr/Ce = 8. Pembuatan umpan gelasi kedua bahan pokok dicampur dilarutkan dalam Air Bebas Mineral (ABM) ditambah zat aditif Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) sebagai pengatur viskositas dan Tetra Hydro Furfuryl Alcohol (THFA). Untuk memperoleh gel yang baik, maka parameter kunci yang harus dipenuhi antara lain adalah pH sol, viskositas umpan, frekuensi, amplitude dan flow rate aliran umpan. Proses setelah gelasi eksternal meliputi perendaman, pencucian dan pengeringan serta kalsinasi. Pada proses pencucian, konduktivitas air cucian terakhir dikondisikan pada ≤ 20 µS/cm setara dengan 0,001 % berat kandungan NH4OH, dianggap gel sudah cukup baik untuk dilanjutkan ke proses selanjutnya. Proses pengeringan dilakukan pada kondisi vakum pada 80 oC dan kondisi temperature kamar sedangkan kalsinasi pada suhu 300 oC dan 500 oC dengan laju pemanasan < 2oC pada suasana atmosfer. Gel CSZ hasil pengeringan diukur diameternya dan kondisi fisiknya menggunakan mikroskop digital. Dari hasil pengukuran diameter gel CSZ basah, diameter gel hasil pengeringan adalah 1,0058 mm dan diameter hasil kalsinasi pada suhu 300 oC adalah 0,663 mm serta 500 oC diameternya 0,635 mm. Kondisi fisik gel CSZ hasil pengeringan dan kalsinasi adalah utuh, bulat dan tidak pecah. Kata kunci: sol gel, gelasi ekternal, ceria stabilized zirconia ABSTRACT –The ceria stabilized zirconia (CSZ) gel was prepared with an external gelation method. As starting material Ce (NO3) 3.6H2O and ZrO (NO 3) 2.2H2O with mol ratio Zr to Ce 8. Was Used the broth solution of the two starting materials is mixed dissolved in demineral Water plus additives Polivinyl Alcohol (PVA) it is resulted not not viscosity control and Tetra Hydro Furfural Alcohol (THFA). To obtain a good gel, the key parameters such as pH sol, feed viscosity, frequency, amplitude and flowrate of the feed gelation. After the external gelation aging, washing and drying (AWD), as well as calcination were conducted In the washing process, the last wash in water conductivity is conditioned at ≤20μS / cm equivalent to 0.001% by weight of NH4OH content, which is considered to be sufficiently good to proceed to the next process. The drying process is carried out under vacuum at 80 ° C and room temperature conditions while calcination at 300 ° C and 500 ° C with a heating rate <2 ° C/min in atmospheric. The CSZ gel diameter measured and the physical condition was observed by digital microscope. The result of measurement of wet CSZ gel diameter, the drying gel atdiameter is 1.0058 mm and the diameter of the calcined product at 300oC is 0.663 mm and 500oC is 0.635 mm. The physical condition of CSZ gel after dryingprocess and calcination shows intact, round and not cracked . Keywords: sol gel, external gelation, ceria stabilized zirconi

Perbaikan Dan Uji Fungsi Tungku Thermolyne Model 46100

PERBAIKAN DAN UJI FUNGSI TUNGKU THERMOLYNE MODEL 46100. Telah dilakukan perbaikan dan uji fungsi Tungku hermolyne Model 46100 di ruang HR-05 Instalasi Elemen Bakar Eksperimental (IEBE). Perbaikan tungku thermolyne dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengganti sistem pengendali suhu yang rusak agar dapat beroperasi nornal kembali. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan, uji fungsi tungku dilakukan dengan suhu target pertama 200 oC dan target kedua 300 oC dengan kecepatan pemanas 5oC/menit. Hasil uji fungsi alat tungku thermolyne menunjukkan kenaikan suhu dengan kesalahan pembacaan tampilan proses terhadap set point sebesar 0,863 %, kesalahan pembacaan untuk penahanan pada suhu untuk 200 oC sebesar 0,318 % dan untuk 300 oC sebesar 0,242 %. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan suhu antara set point dengan tampilan proses dengan menggunakan kendali baru ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dengan angka kesalahan rata-rata pola tungku mempunyai toleransi di bawah 1%[1]. Dengan kondisi ini diharapkan tungku bisa digunakan kembali sebagai mana mestinya. Katakunci : Perbaikan, tungku Thermolyne, Uji Fungs

Effects of Flavonoids Isolated From Orange Jasmine (Murraya Paniculata [L.] Jack.) on Histamine Release From Mast Cells

Murraya paniculata [L.] Jack. (Kemuning) is a plant that grows widely in some areas of Indonesia. Studies related to this plant have been widely explored especially isolation of its active compounds. The plant contents several active compounds such as flanovoids. In the study, three flavonoid isolated from M. paniculata were evaluated for their effect on histamine release from mast cells (RBL-2H3 cells). These compounds were 3,3',4',5,5',6,7,8-octamethoxyflavone; 3,3',4',5,5',6,7-heptamethoxyflavone and 3, 3', 4', 5, 5', 7–hexamethoxyflavone. The histamine inducers used in the study were DNP24-BSA dan thapsigargin, inducing the histamine release immunologically and non-immunologically, respectively. In the study, heptamethoxyflavone and hexamethoxyflavone did not influence the histamine release from mast cells significantly. However, octamethoxyflavone could increase the histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells in absence and presence the histamine inducers. The flavanoid could increase the release of histamine up to 50 %. Based on the results, polymethoxy moieties at the structure of flavonoid have a significant role to emerge the histamine-release stimulating effect from mast cells