Examining the Necessity of Proctoring Online Exams

This study investigated the differences between non-proctored and proctored online exam scores. Exam scores of the same class from two consecutive semesters were compared. Exam averages were compared to assess if there were significant differences between the two sections, controlling for student GPA. Results support the necessity for proctored exams

An Analysis on Engaging “Beauty Work”

This study attempts to compare non-invasive cosmetic procedures consumers who use a high amount of information sources with those who use a low amount of information sources in the information search stage of the decision-making process. The findings indicate that patients who use more cosmetic procedures information sources have lower cognitive ages. Patients who use less information have a greater attitude toward social media advertising and the traditional advertising of cosmetic procedures. Finally, patients who use more cosmetic procedures information have greater increases in self-image after the procedure than those patients who use less information. The findings contribute to marketing theory by focusing upon non-invasive cosmetic procedures that can delay aging or foster youthfulness. This paper also extends the ageism literature

Fashion and Sustainability: Consumption and Shared Responsibility

Indulgence in fashion has been indispensable in modern societies, as it is a crucial device for self-image and identity construction. With the advanced technology and globalization of production, the fashion industry has skewed towards fast fashion, making the latest trends available to mass consumers at affordable prices. This research aims to examine how Chinese consumers perceive sustainable consumption in the context of fashion. We endeavor to explore the factors that influence the engagement of sustainable consumption. This study aims not to argue whether sustainable fashion should mobilize or replace the current fashion system but to provide evidence on consumers\u27 perception of sustainability and explore potential factors influencing sustainable behavior

The Impact Of Unethical Reasoning On Different Types Of Academic Dishonesty: An Exploratory Study

This paper offers support that those students who felt they had stronger reasons for committing unethical academic behaviors are more likely to report committing academic dishonesty than those who felt they had weaker reasons for unethical academic behaviors.  This relationship held for all four categories of academic dishonesty:  cheating (on tests), seeking outside help, plagiarism (on papers), and E-cheating (electronic cheating on tests).  This suggests that students are rationalizing their academic dishonest behaviors and those students who feel they have stronger reasons for committing academic dishonesty are more likely to be academically dishonest.&nbsp

The Measurement of Social Desirability and Brand Equity in Emerging Societies

This study attempted to develop the consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) measure by including social responsibility as an additional dimension in India. Five hypotheses were proposed based upon the literature review and included the following variables: brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and social responsibility. All hypotheses were supported. This study developed a new brand equity measurement and provides empirical evidence of the multidimensionality of CBBE