Phase I and Phase II Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Update on Currently Studied Drugs in Clinical Research.

Acute ischemic stroke is a devastating cause of death and disability, consequences of which depend on the time from ischemia onset to treatment, the affected brain region, and its size. The main targets of ischemic stroke therapy aim to restore tissue perfusion in the ischemic penumbra in order to decrease the total infarct area by maintaining blood flow. Advances in research of pathological process and pathways during acute ischemia have resulted in improvement of new treatment strategies apart from restoring perfusion. Additionally, limiting the injury severity by manipulating the molecular mechanisms during ischemia has become a promising approach, especially in animal research. The purpose of this article is to review completed and ongoing phases I and II trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, reviewing studies on antithrombotic, thrombolytic, neuroprotective, and antineuroinflammatory drugs that may translate into more effective treatments

In vitro wear resistance of three types of polymethyl methacrylate denture teeth

The wear resistance of denture teeth is important to the longevity of removable prostheses of edentulous patients. The ability of denture teeth to maintain a stable occlusal relationship over time may be influenced by this property. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear resistance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture teeth based on their chemical composition when opposed by a ceramic antagonist. The maxillary canines (n=10) of 3 PMMA denture teeth (Trubyte Biotone, cross-linked PMMA; Trilux, highly cross-linked IPN (interpenetrating polymer network)-PMMA; and Vivodent, highly cross-linked PMMA) were secured in an in vitro 2-body wear-testing apparatus that produced sliding contact of the specimens (4.5 cycles/s, sliding distance of 20 mm, under 37°C running water) against glazed or airborne particle abraded ceramic. Wear resistance was measured as height loss (mm) under 300 g (sliding force) after 100,000 cycles, using a digital measuring microscope. Mean values were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). The wear of Trubyte Biotone (0.93 ± 0.14 mm) was significantly higher than that of both other types of teeth tested against abraded ceramic (p<0.05). The Vivodent tooth (0.64 ± 0.17 mm) exhibited the best wear resistance among the denture teeth tested against airborne particle abraded ceramic. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in wear among the 3 denture teeth evaluated against glazed ceramic. Trilux and Vivodent teeth tested against either glazed or airborne particle abraded ceramic did not differ significantly from each other (p<0.05). All teeth showed significantly more wear against airborne particle abraded ceramic than against glazed ceramic (p<0.05). In conclusion, the three types of PMMA denture teeth presented significantly different wear resistance against the abraded ceramic. The high-strength PMMA denture teeth were more wear-resistant than the conventional PMMA denture tooth.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Geospatial analysis : a study about dengue

Objetivo: Descrever/analisar o espaço geográfico dos coeficientes de incidência de dengue segundo área urbana da Região Norte do município de Palmas/TO, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico ecológico transversal, que avalia hipóteses de relações de causa (variáveis socioeconômicas e ambientais) e efeito (casos confirmados de dengue) simultaneamente. É ecológico, pois a unidade de observação passa de indivíduos para grupos de indivíduos, onde áreas geográficas foram usadas como unidades de análise (epidemiologia espacial). Resultados: Revelam que o número de casos de dengue registrados em Palmas (2011) aumentou 170% em relação ao ano anterior. Conclusão: Alertarmos para uma epidemia através dos dados apresentados. Assim, sugerimos a necessidade de alterações nas estratégias utilizadas atualmente e aprimoramento das ações de vigilância para controlar o vetor Aedes aegypti, reduzindo a infestação a níveis inferiores a 1%, e consequentemente, minimizar o impacto da doença na saúde da população.Objective: To describe/analyze the geographic space of the incidence rates according to the urban area. Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional ecological study to evaluate hypotheses of the relationships of cause (socioeconomic and environmental variables) and effect (confirmed cases of dengue) simultaneously. It was ecological, as the observation unit passed from individuals to groups of individuals, in which geographical areas were used as units of analysis (spatial epidemiology). Results: Revealed that the number of reported cases of dengue in Palmas (2011) increased 170% in relationship to the previous year. Conclusion: We call attention to an epidemic through the data presented. Thus, we suggest the need for changes in the strategies used today and enhancement of surveillance actions to control the mosquito Aedes aegypti, reducing the infestation to levels below 1%, and consequently to minimize the impact of the disease on the health of the population

Can we manage prophylactic therapy in COVID-19 patients to prevent severe illness complications?

Many patients with COVID-19 have thromboembolic complications that worsen their prognosis. Herein, the authors propose a modified version of the CHA2DS2-VASc score, including 1 point for COVID-19, so that prophylaxis to protect against thromboembolic events would be indicated before the condition becomes severe. The advantages of this modification would be prevention of the patient’s condition worsening due to thromboembolic problems and reduction of the likelihood of a need for intensive care and mechanical ventilation, reducing mortality.Many patients with COVID-19 have thromboembolic complications that worsen their prognosis. Herein, the authors propose a modified version of the CHA2DS2-VASc score, including 1 point for COVID-19, so that prophylaxis to protect against thromboembolic events would be indicated before the condition becomes severe. The advantages of this modification would be prevention of the patient’s condition worsening due to thromboembolic problems and reduction of the likelihood of a need for intensive care and mechanical ventilation, reducing mortality

Anatomopathological evaluation of uterine scars according to the type of surgical suture (experimental model)

PURPOSE: to compare macro and microscopically, surgical uterine sutures in female rabbits, after caesarean section utilizing separate, continuous and continuous anchored suture stitches. METHODS: three New Zealand female rabbits in their first pregnancy were used. The caesarean section was carried out at the 26th day of gestation and three incisions were performed in each uterus. The hysterorrhaphy was performed with a 00 Vicryl® thread, and a different suture technique was employed for each incision. Total hysterectomy and adnexectomy were done at the 60th day post-delivery with the preservation of eventual adhesions for the evaluation of the surgical scars. The extent of scar retraction, amount of fibrin deposit and the suture integrity were evaluated through macroscopy. For the evaluation through microscopy, hematoxylin eosin technique was used for cellular colorimetry, and Masson's trichrom to evidence collagen. The statistical non-parametric Friedman's test was employed for the matching hypothesis, and Fisher's exact test to verify the homogeneity of the techniques (level of significance: 5%). RESULTS: a total of 18 scars were obtained (six scars per suture). The following mean values were obtained for the longitudinal (0.5/0.4/0.5, p=0.069) and transversal retraction degrees (0.3/0.4/0.3, p=0.143) respectively for separate, continuous and continuous anchored suture techniques. All sutures presented regular fibrin deposit, no adhesions and integral absorption of the stitches. The mean value of the blood vessels (158.5/139.3/172.1; p=0.293), fibroblasts (351.6/345.8/354.3; p=0.311) and of collagen percentage (44.0/45.5/48.5; p=0.422) were calculated through microscopy, respectively for separate, continuous and continuous anchored suture techniques. CONCLUSIONS: the type of hysterorrhaphy technique of caesarean section in female rabbits did not generate any significant statistical difference in the macroscopic and microscopic parameters evaluated.OBJETIVO: comparar, macro e microscopicamente, cicatrizes uterinas pós-cesáreas, nas quais foram feitas suturas com pontos separados, contínuos e contínuos ancorados. MÉTODOS: utilizamos três coelhas prenhes, realizando parto cesáreo no 26º dia de prenhez, com três incisões em cada corno uterino. As histerorrafias foram realizadas com fio Vicryl® 00, com suturas distintas (pontos separados, sutura contínua e contínua ancorada). No 60º dia pós-parto, realizamos histerectomia total abdominal e anexectomia bilateral, para avaliação das cicatrizes cirúrgicas. Na macroscopia, avaliamos o grau de retração cicatricial (longitudinal e transversal), o depósito de fibrina, presença de aderências e integridade dos fios de sutura. Na microscopia, utilizamos coloração de hematoxilina-eosina, para contagem de vasos sangüíneos e fibroblastos, e a coloração do tricômio de Masson, para quantificação do colágeno. Para a análise comparativa das cicatrizes, utilizamos os testes de Friedman e exato de Fisher, adotando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: foram obtidas 18 cicatrizes, seis para cada tipo de sutura. Obtivemos as seguintes médias 0,5/0,4/0,5 (p=0,069) para os graus de retração longitudinal e 0,3/0,4/0,3 (p=0,143) para os graus de retração transversal, respectivamente para as suturas com pontos separados, contínuo e contínuo ancorado. Todas as suturas apresentaram depósito de fibrina regular, ausência de aderência e reabsorção integral dos fios. Na microscopia, apuramos a média de vasos sangüíneos (158,5/139,3/172,1; p=0,293), de fibroblastos (351,6/345,8/354,3; p=0,311) e da porcentagem de tecido colágeno (44,0/45,5/48,5; p=0,422), respectivamente para as suturas com pontos separados, contínuo e contínuo ancorado. CONCLUSÕES: a técnica de histerorrafia na cesárea de coelhas (pontos simples, sutura contínua e contínua ancorada) não determinou diferenças estatísticas significantes em relação aos parâmetros macroscópicos e microscópicos avaliados.Centro Universitário Lusíada Faculdade de Ciências MédicasHospital do Servidor Público EstadualUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de ObstetríciaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de ObstetríciaSciEL

Frutos da era das comunicações: os impactos das tecnologias da comunicação e informação na organização industrial e e-commerce como estratégia competitiva para as empresas brasileiras (1998-2007)

O presente trabalho busca mostrar como as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) afetaram a organização industrial e seus efeitos sobre o comércio. Faremos ainda uma leitura de como comércio eletrônico vem-se consolidando no Brasil. Para tal, faremos uma releitura da teoria sobre o novo paradigma tecnológico mostrando os impactos das TIC na organização industrial, mostrando as vantagens e dificuldades encontradas. Posteriormente fazemos uma leitura do mercado brasileiro de 1998 a 2007 e, por fim, nos utilizaremos dos conceitos apresentados inicialmente para tentarmos entender porque o mercado vem crescendo e se expandindo

Projeto conceitual de embarcação solar para o transporte público de passageiros

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Joinville. Engenharia Naval.O trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento do projeto conceitual/preliminar de uma embarcação solar para o transporte público de passageiros, motivada pelo crescente interesse mundial no desenvolvimento e utilização de fontes limpas e renováveis de energia. O projeto terá como âmbito de atuação a cidade de Florianópolis, em Santa Catarina e se mostra como uma alternativa hidroviária para o auxílio na mobilidade urbana da ilha. Uma espiral de projeto é desenvolvida, direcionando o desenvolvimento da embarcação. De posse dos resultados do projeto, comparações e sugestões serão feitas para analisar a viabilidade da implementação desse modal de transporte público

SSM: A Semantic Metasearch Platform for Scientific Data retrieval

Scientific research in all fields has advanced in complexity and in the amount of data generated. The heterogeneity of data repositories, data meaning and their metadata standards makes this problem even more significant. In spite of several proposals to find and retrieve research data from public repositories, there is still need for more comprehensive retrieval solutions. In this article, we specify and develop a mechanism to search for scientific data that takes advantage of metadata records and semantic methods. We present the conception of our architecture and how we have implemented it in a use case in the agriculture domain