Fracture studies on synthetic fiber reinforced cellular concrete using acoustic emission technique

Cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) is increasingly used for low strength non-structural and structural applications. The effects of synthetic fiber reinforcement on the fracture behavior of CLC is investigated. In particular, acoustic emission (AE) technique is employed to study the influence of macro (structural), micro polyolefin synthetic fibers and their combinations on the fracture behavior of CLC beams. Notched fiber reinforced CLC beams were tested to study the crack initiation and propagation characteristics using AE sensors. Different AE parameters are correlated with the crack growth and damage accumulation. An attempt has been made to correlate the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) with the number of AE hits. The variation of cumulative acoustic energy release of the cracks is studied with respect to applied load and CMOD. Three dimensional source location of cracks is carried out based on the AE events picked by the sensors bonded to the CLC specimens. The analysis of AE results indicates that the crack source location identification from AE is consistent with the actual crack development. Analysis of AE signals reveal that the CLC matrix cracking produces signals with less number of hits that lie in the notched plane in bending. Moreover, the signals from the post peak regime correspond to more number of hits which tend to be scattered around the plane of notch due to the fiber pull out

Shrimp quality response to chemical treatments

This study was undertaken to determine the penetration trend of tetra sodium pyrophosphate, phosphoric acid, and sodium chloride into raw shrimp, and their effect on water-holding capacity, texture, and color of raw and cooked shrimp. Shrimp were treated with 5 percent tetra sodium pyrophosphate, 5 percent phosphoric acid, and 5 percent sodium chloride for five, 10, and 15 minutes. The penetration was determined by measuring the amount of phosphorus and chlorine at three levels (outer, intermediary, and center) of raw shrimp. Water-holding capacity was determined by measuring the area of the pressed juice of shrimp samples on a Harco-Hydraulic Press. Allo-Kramer Shear Press, with recorder attached, was used to determine the texture of the samples. The changes in the color of shrimp were recorded by color-eye. Under the experimental conditions reported in this study, several results were indicated. The concentration of tetra sodium pyrophosphate, phosphoric acid, and sodium chloride was highest in the outer layer and decreased toward the center. When compared with the control, both tetra sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium chloride improved the texture and water-holding capacity of shrimp; however, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, had a greater effect than sodium chloride. Phosphoric acid had an in-verse effect. Treatments did not differ markedly in their effect on the color of raw shrimp; however, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, differs markedly from the other treatments In Its effect on the whiteness of cooked shrimp

Use of Geometric Mean in Bioequivalence Trials

Bioequivalence data often do not follow the normality assumption on the linear (original) scale, therefore in that situation, the use of the logarithmic transformation is recommended. In the bioequivalence analysis, confusion arises about the use of geometric mean ratio when the logarithmic transformation is recommended by the regulatory authorities. The purpose of this research paper is to clear this confusion. Different average bioequivalence criteria are also reviewed in this paper

Laboratory studies of the optical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles using cavity-enhanced aerosol extinction spectroscopy (CE-AES)

This thesis presents the development of a non-invasive, wavelength dependent analytical technique, Cavity Enhanced Aerosol Extinction Spectroscopy (CE-AES). This technique can be used for measuring the optical properties of laboratory-generated aerosols in order to better understand the optical properties of small particles. The optical properties of aerosol particles are important in determining their effects on climate (Pettersson et al, 2004) and their role in the radiative balance of the Earth (Solomon, et al. 2007). The technique is based on the gas-phase technique, cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) (Engeln et al 1998) with the major difference of measuring particle properties rather than gas properties and using a single frequency laser rather than a tunable laser. (See more in text.)Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-68)California State University, Northridge. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

COMPASSION SATISFACTION, FATIGUE AND BURNOUT AMONG NURSES WORKING IN CLINICAL DEPARTMENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KARACHI

Background: Nursing is an essential component of the health care system that provides care with compassion to people of all age groups who are physically or mentally ill. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of compassion satisfaction, fatigue, and burnout among nurses working in the different clinical departments of a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling approach among 190 nurses working at emergency, intensive care units, cardiology, and paediatric units of Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi. Approval was taken from Ethical Review Committee of Liaquat National Hospital. Data were collected between, August to September 2018 by using Professional Quality of Life (ProQoL) scale version 5. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in order to identify the significant difference of compassion satisfaction, fatigue, and burnout among different clinical departments. Results: In this study, 61.0% of participants belonged to the age group of 21 to 30 years and 54.2% were female. The proportions of the average level of compassion satisfaction (CS), compassion fatigue (CF) and burnout were found 70%, 84.7%, and 94.2% respectively. Overall mean scores of CS, CF, and burnout were 36.59, 29.11, and 32.07 respectively. ANOVA confirmed that mean scores of compassion fatigue and burnout differed significantly among four clinical departments (p=0.005 and 0.014 respectively). Conclusion: Overall study participants showed average levels of compassion satisfaction, fatigue, and burnout. Significant mean differences of compassion fatigue and burnout among all selected departments were obtained.Keywords: Compassion satisfaction, Compassion fatigue, Burnou

Study of the echoes of the Arabic story in Nigerian Arabic literature: Ilorin as a case study

The story is an art of prose literature. Arab writers and others have done valuable works of fiction, showing the extent of their artistic ability; however, this art has witnessed in the modern era developed and developed to add to it another form known - in Western literature - poetry story; which has no era - before - in literature Old Arab, and the poems appeared stories woven on the Western vein. After looking at the story in Arabic literature, this article looks at some of the echoes of the Arab story in Arabic literature, with an emphasis on what the thinkers of the city of Eulen produced as a living model reflecting the many stories that were presented at the Arab literature table in Nigeria. For a commendable effort by the writers of Nigeria to expand the Arabic language and create a clear atmosphere for artistic creativity and conscience

The Implementation of Eclectic Methods in Arabic Learning Based on All in One System Approach

Each method has different function and characteristic. One method is not enough to achieve four language skills in Arabic language learning.  We need a method that is able to accommodate the weaknesses of the previous method. This research aimed to examine the implementation of eclectic method based on all in one system approach. This method integrates the various methods in language teaching and achieves four language skills. This research provided a new model to implementation the methods, specifically eclectic method and their connection with Arabic language skills. The method used in this research was qualitative method based on text analysis. The data research was collected from sources of books, journal articles, or matters relating to the topic of this study. The result of this research was the use of an eclectic method based on all in one system approach (integrated approach) which can facilitate Arabic language teaching. A language teacher needs to consider this method for students. This research also examined the various aspects and how they could be useful for teacher in Arabic language classroom.  The study provided further support for the use of eclectic method for student in mastering four Arabic language skills

Economic Feasibility of Stand-Alone Wind Energy Hybrid with Bioenergy from Anaerobic Digestion for Electrification of Remote Area of Pakistan

Hybrid Renewable Energy systems (HRES) are gaining importance throughout the world because of the finite sources of oil and gas reservoirs. These have the great ability in the production of electrical energy and cleaning the environment. It is difficult to get grid electricity in the remote areas where no infrastructure exists. The utilization of renewable sources is the ultimate solution for the generation of electricity. In this paper, the economic modeling of Hybrid system consisting of Wind/biomass is explored for the remote area ‘Jangiah’ of Balochistan province, Pakistan. Anaerobic Digestion of biomass is used to get biogas. This source is used to complement the uncertainties in the wind production. Homer is used to simulate the hybrid model. Economic analysis is performed to get the net present value (NPV) and cost of energy. It is observed that wind/biomass alone is capable to meet the demand of community which consumes 60 kW peak daily along with the storage backup. This system is the most economical with COE equal to 0.118 US$/kWh following the hybrid biomass/wind/diesel system with COE 0.202 US$/kWh. The sensitivity analysis is carried out and shows that the proposed system is sensitive to the prices of fossil fuel and project lifespan. The net present value increases as the lifetime of the project increases from 15 years to 30 years. It can also be concluded that if the price of the diesel drops below 0.8 US$/liter, the traditional system using fossil fuels will become the most suitable system for the generation of electricity in remote areas