Chemical composition and biological activities of the Algerian <i>Cymbalaria muralis</i> aerial parts

In the present study we report data about antioxidant (DPPH, β-Carotene, reducing power), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced ear oedema in mice (76 ± 1.0%) and membrane stabilisation (100%)) and antimicrobial (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Pseudomonas arugenosa ATCC27853 and Fusarium oxysporum ATCC62506) activities of the ethanolic extract from the Algerian Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb (CME). The LC-ESIMS analysis of CME chemical profile allowed to identify antirrhinoside (1), catalpol (2), linarioside (3), glucosyringic acid (4), angoroside C (5), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (6), acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), apigenin (8), chrysoeriol 7-rutinoside (9), diosmin (10) and linarin (11). The evaluated total phenolic and flavonoid contents support the biological activities.</p

LC-MS profile, <i>in vitro</i> acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antibacterial and hemostatic properties of <i>Ranunculus bullatus</i> extract

The ethanol extract from aerial parts of Ranunculus were investigated for its chemical composition by LC-ESI-MS/MS technique, which allowed to identify a series of glycosylated flavonoids and one phenolic acid. RBEE extract showed acetyl-cholinesterase inhibition higher than the reference compound Galantamine at a concentrationof 200 µg/mL. A moderate antibacterial activity of the extract was also obtained against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300, Citrobacter freundii ATCC8090, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC29905 at a concentration 100 µg. Additionally, a good reduction in plasma coagulation time at 200 μL was also observed for RBEE.</p

Anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effects of <i>Linaria reflexa</i> Desf

The work presented here was aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro hemostatic activities of Linaria reflexa extract and to establish the relationship between its bioactivity and chemical composition. Twenty-three secondary metabolites were identified, most of them are good anti-inflammatory agents, in line with data by carrageenin-induced rat paw edema assays of the n-butanol extract showing high anti-inflammatory inhibition (63.90%) of edema swelling in the rat paw at the dose 200 mg/kg after 4 h. Furthermore, both extent of inflammatory response and tissue injury were prevented keeping the levels of rate myeloperoxidase (60.16%) and of malondialdehyde, which is the final product of lipid peroxidation generated by free radicals (58.58%). The same extract showed also a remarkable hemostatic effect established by measuring the coagulation time of decalcified plasma (45 s), related to its flavonoid glycosides content.</p

Iridoids and anti-inflammatory properties of <i>n</i>-butanol extract of <i>Linaria tingitana</i> Boiss. & Reut.

<p>The analysis of the <i>n</i>-butanol extract of <i>Linaria tingitana</i> (BELT) by HPLC-DAD–ESI/MS allowed the identification of four iridoids structurally confirmed by NMR and ESI–MS/MS extensive experiments data. The subjection of BELT to the anti-inflammatory activity showed that it exhibited a concentration dependent stabilisation of HRBC membrane, inhibition of protein denaturation and nitric oxide scavenging effect in the <i>in vitro</i> process. These results were confirmed in the <i>in vivo</i> experiments which showed that BELT was found to be most pronounced at 200 mg/kg after carrageenan injection which significantly reduced the swelling in both early and late phases of carrageenan-evoked oedema, as well as a significant reduce at the accumulation of infiltrating cells, inhibition of the myeloperoxidase activity and suppressed the lipid peroxidation. These results were supported by the histological analysis which revealed the reduction of oedema and cells infiltration, this might be influenced by the synergistic action of the above isolated compounds.</p

Chemical composition, <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial activities of <i>Linaria scariosa</i> Desf

The study was performed on the dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EAc) and n-butanol (Bu) fractions (F) obtained from the 80% ethanol extract of Linaria scariosa Desf. aerial parts, collected in the North Eastern region of Algeria. Remarkable total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained, mainly for EAcF. These results were in accordance with the antioxidant activity of EAcF against DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and reducing power tests. DCMF and BuF exhibited significant cholinesterase activity inhibition of BChE and AChE. Moreover, EAcF displayed only moderate antibacterial activities, especially against S. aureus. The biological results were correlated to the chemical components, deduced by both GC-MS analysis of the fractions and the isolation of hemipholin, pectolinarigenin, antirride, antirrinoside, pectolinarin and linariosise, some of which known to exhibit potent effects on the tested biological activities. The study provides the first biological and chemical investigation on Linaria scariosa Desf (unresolved name).</p

Glycosyl flavonoid profile, <i>in vivo</i> antidiabetic and <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant properties of <i>Linaria reflexa</i> Desf.

<p>Aerial parts of <i>Linaria reflexa</i>, used in North African folk medicine for treating certain skin diseases, were investigated by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS technique able to identify the glycosyl flavonoids pectolinarin (<b>1</b>), isolinariin A (<b>2</b>), isolinariin B (<b>3</b>), linariin (<b>4</b>), isolinariin D (<b>5</b>) and isolinariin E (<b>6</b>) as the most abundant components in both hydroalcoholic (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) extracts profiles. Metabolite <b>5</b>, isolated and fully characterised by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, has been very recently reported from <i>L. japonica</i> together with the compound <b>6</b>. Good antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging, <i>β</i>-carotene bleaching and reducing power assays) were observed for the extracts. The remarkable antidiabetic activity displayed by UAE (300 mg/kg) has yielded the most marked decrease in blood glucose levels of the alloxan diabetic rats (−72.09%), greater than the effects by the drug glybenclamide (−63.29%). This study reports the first correlation of antidiabetic activity of <i>Linaria</i> sp. extracts with their chemical composition.</p

<i>Centaurea microcarpa</i> Coss. & Dur. (Asteraceae) extracts: New cyanogenic glucoside and other constituents

The phytochemical investigation of both chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Centaurea microcarpa Coss. & Dur. led to the isolation of a new cyanogenic glucoside 6'-methacrylate prunasin (3) together with seven known compounds: hydroxy-11β,13-dihydro onopordaldehyde (1), β-sitosterol (2), daucosterol (4), nepetin (5), prunasin (6), astragalin (7) and 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl centaureidin (8). Their structures were established by spectral analysis, mainly UV, IR, ESI-MS, 1D & 2D-NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY).</p