PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBASIS LKS TIPE WORD SQUARE TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA

 Pembelajaran yang berlangsung secara kaku dan bersifat teacher centered mengakibatkan siswa menjadi tidak aktif selama pembelajaran. Padahal, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa yang salah satunya adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis, diperlukan pembelajaran yang bersifat student centered. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran discovery learning berbasis LKS tipe word square terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada submateri pencemaran lingkungan. Waktu penelitian berlangsung pada bulan april 2020. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas X IPA MAN 2 Ciamis. Sampel yang digunakan melibatkan siswa kelas X IPA 1 sebanyak 25 orang yang dipilih menggunakan  teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Pra-eksperimen design dengan jenis One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal berpikir kritis yang berjumlah 20 soal pilihan ganda. Data yang diperoleh dari soal diolah secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji Z. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Zhitung > Ztabel yaitu sebesar 3,00 > 2,33. Hasil temuan tersebut  membuktikan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbasis LKS tipe word square berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada submateri pencemaran lingkungan dengan tingkat pengaruh tinggi yaitu sebesar 0,76.Kata Kunci: Discovery learning, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, LKS word squar

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBASIS LKS TIPE WORD SQUARE TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA

 Pembelajaran yang berlangsung secara kaku dan bersifat teacher centered mengakibatkan siswa menjadi tidak aktif selama pembelajaran. Padahal, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa yang salah satunya adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis, diperlukan pembelajaran yang bersifat student centered. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran discovery learning berbasis LKS tipe word square terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada submateri pencemaran lingkungan. Waktu penelitian berlangsung pada bulan april 2020. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas X IPA MAN 2 Ciamis. Sampel yang digunakan melibatkan siswa kelas X IPA 1 sebanyak 25 orang yang dipilih menggunakan  teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Pra-eksperimen design dengan jenis One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal berpikir kritis yang berjumlah 20 soal pilihan ganda. Data yang diperoleh dari soal diolah secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji Z. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Zhitung &gt; Ztabel yaitu sebesar 3,00 &gt; 2,33. Hasil temuan tersebut  membuktikan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbasis LKS tipe word square berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada submateri pencemaran lingkungan dengan tingkat pengaruh tinggi yaitu sebesar 0,76.Kata Kunci: Discovery learning, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, LKS word square</jats:p

Machine learning risk prediction of mortality for patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2: the COVIDSurg mortality score

To support the global restart of elective surgery, data from an international prospective cohort study of 8492 patients (69 countries) was analysed using artificial intelligence (machine learning techniques) to develop a predictive score for mortality in surgical patients with SARS-CoV-2. We found that patient rather than operation factors were the best predictors and used these to create the COVIDsurg Mortality Score (https://covidsurgrisk.app). Our data demonstrates that it is safe to restart a wide range of surgical services for selected patients.</jats:p

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

PURPOSEAs cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway.PATIENTS AND METHODSThis international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation).RESULTSOf 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76).CONCLUSIONWithin available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.</jats:sec

Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.

With at least 28 elective million operations delayed during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients who will require surgery after a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is likely to increase rapidly. Operating on patients with an active perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection is now known to carry a very high pulmonary complication and mortality rate. Urgent information is needed to guide whether postponing surgery in patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a clinical benefit, and the optimal length of delay.no abstract availabl

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

Aim The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. Methods This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. Results Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P &lt; 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease