The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema – The 2021 revision and update

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1-inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1-inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: 1) How should HAE be diagnosed? 2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? 3) What are the goals of treatment? 4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast feeding women? 5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients

The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema—The 2021 revision and update

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1 inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1 inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: (1) How should HAE be diagnosed? (2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? (3) What are the goals of treatment? (4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast-feeding women? and (5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients

Resistive Plate Chamber Consruction and Performance

This report presents the construction and performance of the resistive plate chambers used for the muon detection. In the upgrading of the CMS detector, a fourth layer of RPCs for the endcap region of the detector is being introduced. Various tests and techniques are implemented for constuction of a good quality chamber. This report presents thoses tests and techniques involved

Measurement of Muon Performance and Determination of Z Boson Production Cross Section using CMS Detector at LHC

This dissertation presents the measurement of production cross section of Z boson through Z→ μ+μ− at √s = 8 TeV using 2012 data recorded by CMS detector at LHC. The full dataset (DoubleMu Run A) having integrated luminosity of 0.82 fb−1 was analysed. Performance of muons reconstructed in CMS detector was studied by measuring identification efficiencies using data driven tag and probe method. Muon resolution reconstruction was studied by comparing dimuon mass resolution in data and MC. The impact of muon momentum scale and resolution correction and kinematic distribution is also reported in thesis. The measured Z boson cross section in dimuon channel is "σ = 1.17±0.06 (stat,lumi) nb" which is found in agreement with the published CMS results

Tests of neutrino interaction models with the MicroBooNE detector

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of PhysicsTimothy A. BoltonI measure a large set of observables in inclusive charged current muon neutrino scattering on argon with the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber operating at Fermilab. I evaluate three neutrino interaction models based on the widely used GENIE event generator using these observables. The measurement uses a data set consisting of neutrino interactions with a final state muon candidate fully contained within the MicroBooNE detector. These data were collected in 2016 with the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam, which has an average neutrino energy of 800 MeV, using an exposure corresponding to 5.0 x 10¹⁹ protons-on-target. The analysis employs fully automatic event selection and charged particle track reconstruction and uses a data-driven technique to separate neutrino interactions from cosmic ray background events. I find that GENIE models consistently describe the shapes of a large number of kinematic distributions for fixed observed multiplicity, but I show an indication that the observed multiplicity fractions deviate from GENIE expectations

Comparative effects of patient-specific 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional lumbar traction on pain and functional disability in patients with lumbar radiculopathy

Abstract Background Low back pain (LBP) resides as a most common type of symptom pointing towards lumber radiculopathy. It is defined as burning sharp leg pain that originates from the back and goes all the way down your legs and extends into the toes and foot. Lumbosacral radiculopathy is caused by pathology of the intervertebral disk or associated structures. Different dimensional traction has been used to treat lumbar radiculopathy. This study aimed to compare the effects of 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional lumbar traction on pain and functional disability in patients with lumbar radiculopathy. The randomized clinical trial study of 4 weeks was carried out at the Lifeline Health Care Imaging and Pain Center and the Hamza Hospital Lahore. Twenty-six subjects were included in the clinical trial and divided into two groups after randomization. Group A received three-dimensional lumbar traction with traction force 50% of total body weight on Spine MT 3D traction machine, and group B received two-dimensional lumbar traction with traction force 50% of total body weight. Pre- and post-values of NPRS and ODI were noted. Results Parametric tests were used during statistical analysis because data was normally distributed. NPRS pre- and posttreatment values showed significant results with p-value < 0.05. ODI pre- and post-values were also obvious with p-value < 0.05. Independent sample T-test was used to assess across the group comparison, suggesting that both groups showed significant improvements of NPRS and ODI post-treatment with p-value (< 0.001). Conclusion The study concluded that 3D traction significantly reduced pain levels and improved functional impairment more effectively than 2D traction in patients with lumbar radiculopathy. Trial registration Trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05356689

Frequency of Hypokalemia, Clinical Implications and Risk Factors in Patients of COVID-19

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypokalemia among COVID-19 patients and assess its impact on the patients management. Study type, settings & duration: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from July 2020 to January 2021.   Methodology: A total of 212 SARS-COV-2 positive patients who had developed severe disease were enrolled. Based on the level of potassium, the patients were classified as mild, moderate and severe hypokalemia cases. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire including demography, clinical presentations and medication including use of anticoagulant and steroids. Results: Of the total 210, 46 (21.9%) patients had hypokalemia and among them 23 (11%) showed mild, 17 (8.1%) moderate and 6 (2.9%) severe hypokalemia. Out of 210, 17 (23.9%) patients were treated with hydrocortisone, 11 (17.4%) with methylprednisolone and 18 (23.3%) with dexamethasone and no significant difference was seen in development of hypokalemia (p =0.630). Similarly, 39 (21.4%) patients were given enoxaparin and 7 (24.1%) were given heparin, but no significant association was found between the type of anticoagulant being given and hypokalemia (p =0.754). No significant difference was observed with respect to gender in the development of hypokalemia (p =0.782). Conclusion: This study showed that hypokalemia was a significant clinical manifestation among SARS-COV-2 patients. Further it was noted that treatment regime used for COVID-19 management and gender of the patients are not a risk factor for developing the hypokalemia

The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema – The 2021 revision and update

© 2022 The Author(s)Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease for which early diagnosis and effective therapy are critical. This revision and update of the global WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE provides up-to-date guidance for the management of HAE. For this update and revision of the guideline, an international panel of experts reviewed the existing evidence, developed 28 recommendations, and established consensus by an online DELPHI process. The goal of these recommendations and guideline is to help physicians and their patients in making rational decisions in the management of HAE with deficient C1-inhibitor (type 1) and HAE with dysfunctional C1-inhibitor (type 2), by providing guidance on common and important clinical issues, such as: 1) How should HAE be diagnosed? 2) When should HAE patients receive prophylactic on top of on-demand treatment and what treatments should be used? 3) What are the goals of treatment? 4) Should HAE management be different for special HAE patient groups such as children or pregnant/breast feeding women? 5) How should HAE patients monitor their disease activity, impact, and control? It is also the intention of this guideline to help establish global standards for the management of HAE and to encourage and facilitate the use of recommended diagnostics and therapies for all patients.N