Strain and Interference Synergistically Modulated Optical and Electrical Properties in ReS₂/Graphene Heterojunction Bubbles

Two-dimensional (2D) material bubbles, as a straightforward method to induce strain, represent a potentially powerful platform for the modulation of different properties of 2D materials and the exploration of their strain-related applications. Here, we prepare ReS2/graphene heterojunction bubbles (ReS2/gr heterobubbles) and investigate their strain and interference synergistically modulated optical and electrical properties. We perform Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra to verify the continuously varying strain and the microcavity induced optical interference in ReS2/gr heterobubbles. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is carried out to explore the photogenerated carrier transfer behavior in both strained ReS2/gr heterobubbles and ReS2/gr interfaces, as well as the oscillation of surface potential caused by optical interference under illumination conditions. Moreover, the switching of in-plane crystal orientation and the modulation of optical anisotropy of ReS2/gr heterobubbles are observed by azimuth-dependent reflectance difference microscopy (ADRDM), which can be attributed to the action of both strain effect and interference. Our study proves that the optical and electrical properties can be effectively modulated by the synergistical effect of strain and interference in a 2D material bubble

HIF-1α 1772 C/T and 1790 G/A Polymorphisms Are Significantly Associated with Higher Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis from 34 Case-Control Studies

<div><p>Background</p><p>HIF-1 activates various genes in cancer progression and metastasis. HIF-1α 1772 C/T and 1790 G/A polymorphisms are reportedly associated with cancer risk; however, the results are inconclusive.</p> <p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>A meta-analysis of 34 studies that involved 7522 cases and 9847 controls for 1772 C/T and 24 studies that involved 4884 cases and 8154 controls for 1790 G/A was conducted to identify the association of C/T and G/A polymorphisms with cancer risk. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess the strength of association.</p> <p>HIF-1α 1772 C/T and 1790 G/A polymorphisms were associated with higher cancer risk in homozygote comparison (1772C/T: TT vs. CC: OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.52, 3.96; <i>P</i>_{heterogeneity} = 0.028; 1790G/A: AA vs. GG: OR=4.74, 95% CI: 1.78, 12.6; <i>P</i>_{heterogeneity} < 0.01), dominant model (1772C/T: TT/CT vs. CC: OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.55; <i>P</i>_{heterogeneity} < 0.01, 1790G/A: AA/GA vs. GG: OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.60; <i>P</i>_{heterogeneity} < 0.01), T allele versus C allele (T vs. C: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.70; <i>P</i>_{heterogeneity} < 0.01), and A allele versus G allele (A vs. G: OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.96; <i>P</i>_{heterogeneity} < 0.01). On a subgroup analysis, the 1772 C/T polymorphism was significantly linked to higher risks for breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and cervical cancer, whereas the 1790 G/A polymorphism was significantly linked to higher risks for lung cancer and prostate cancer. A significantly increased cancer risk was found in both Asians and Caucasians for 1772C/T polymorphism, whereas a significantly increased cancer risk was found in Caucasians in the heterozygote comparison and recessive model for 1790G/A polymorphism.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>HIF-1α 1772 C/T and 1790 G/A polymorphisms are significantly associated with higher cancer risk.</p> </div

Forest plot of dominant model for overall comparison (1790 G/A, <b>AA</b>/<b>GA</b> vs. GG).

<p>Forest plot of dominant model for overall comparison (1790 G/A, <b>AA</b>/<b>GA</b> vs. GG).</p

Funnel plot of heterozygote comparison (1790 G/A, A allele vs. G allele).

<p>Funnel plot of heterozygote comparison (1790 G/A, A allele vs. G allele).</p

Forest plot of dominant model for overall comparison (1772 C/T, <b>TT</b>/<b>CT</b> vs. CC).

<p>Forest plot of dominant model for overall comparison (1772 C/T, <b>TT</b>/<b>CT</b> vs. CC).</p

Forest plot of overall comparison (1772 C/T, T allele vs. C allele).

<p>Forest plot of overall comparison (1772 C/T, T allele vs. C allele).</p

Funnel plot of heterozygote comparison (1772 C/T, T allele vs. C allele).

<p>Funnel plot of heterozygote comparison (1772 C/T, T allele vs. C allele).</p

Reference search and selection of studies in the meta-analysis.

<p>Reference search and selection of studies in the meta-analysis.</p