Copper-Mediated Aerobic Fluoroalkylation of Arylboronic Acids with Fluoroalkyl Iodides at Room Temperature

A Cu-mediated ligandless aerobic fluoro­alkylation of arylboronic acids under mild conditions is described for the first time. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups, allowing for further transformation. Mechanistic studies suggest that [R_fCu] is the active Cu species that forms the desired perfluoroalkylarenes and that [R_fCu] is generated from [PhCu] by either an oxidative addition/reductive elimination mechanism or nucleophilic substitution via a halogen “ate” intermediate

Diagnostic performance of magnifying endoscopy for <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection.

<p>Diagnostic performance of magnifying endoscopy for <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection.</p

The diagnostic performance of a “pit plus vascular pattern” classification in the gastric corpus by magnifying endoscopy in predicting <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection.

<p>(A), pooled sensitivity; (B), pooled specificity; (C), summary receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosis by magnifying endoscopy. CI, confidence interval; AUC, area under the curve; SE, standard error.</p

The diagnostic performance of magnifying endoscopy in predicting <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection.

<p>(A), pooled sensitivity; (B), pooled specificity; (C), summary receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosis by magnifying endoscopy. CI, confidence interval; AUC, area under the curve; SE, standard error.</p

Diagnostic Performance of Magnifying Endoscopy for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Diagnosis of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>) infection using magnifying endoscopy offers advantages over conventional invasive and noninvasive tests.</p><p>Objective</p><p>This meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of magnifying endoscopy in the prediction of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A literature search of the PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Science Direct and the Cochrane Library databases was performed. A random-effects model was used to calculate the diagnostic efficiency of magnifying endoscopy for <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection. A summary receiver operator characteristic curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 18 studies involving 1897 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of magnifying endoscopy to predict <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–0.91] and 0.82 (95%CI 0.79–0.85), respectively, with an AUC of 0.9461. When targeting the gastric antrum, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95%CI 0.78–0.86) and 0.72 (95%CI 0.66–0.78), respectively. When targeting the gastric corpus, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95%CI 0.90–0.94) and 0.86 (95%CI 0.82–0.88), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity using magnifying white light endoscopy were 0.90 (95%CI 0.87–0.91) and 0.81 (95%CI 0.77–0.84), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity using magnifying chromoendoscopy were 0.87 (95%CI 0.83–0.91) and 0.85 (95%CI 0.80–0.88), respectively. The “pit plus vascular pattern” classification in the gastric corpus observed by magnifying endoscopy was able to accurately predict the status of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection, as indicated by a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.96 (95%CI 0.94–0.97) and 0.91 (95%CI 0.87–0.93), respectively, with an AUC of 0.9872.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Magnifying endoscopy was able to accurately predict the status of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection, either in magnifying white light endoscopy or magnifying chromoendoscopy mode. The “pit plus vascular pattern” classification in the gastric corpus is an optimum diagnostic criterion.</p></div

Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear concerns regarding applicability, %.

<p>Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear concerns regarding applicability, %.</p

The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool for quality assessment of studies selected for the meta-analysis.

<p>The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool for quality assessment of studies selected for the meta-analysis.</p

Deeks’ funnel plot to evaluate publication bias.

<p><i>P</i> = 0.83 indicates a symmetrical funnel shape and suggests that publication bias is absent.</p

Flow diagram of the study selection process for the meta-analysis.

<p>Finally, 18 studies were identified from the 12 articles.</p

Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear risk of bias, %.

<p>Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear risk of bias, %.</p