33 research outputs found

    EL SILENCIO EN EL MONSTRUO DEL MANZANARES

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    Este trabajo estudia la función del silencio en la novela El monstruo del Manzanares, novela corta incluida en la colección La mojiganga del gusto (1641) de Andrés Sanz del Castillo. Esta novela posee constantes alusiones al silencio, las cuales, sumadas a la ausencia de diálogos que reproduzcan las voces de los personajes, nos llevan a considerar, más allá todavía, que el silencio configura un tema en sí mismo dentro de El monstruo de Manzanares y determina notoriamente el sentido final de la novela

    Identification of Genes Related to Growth and Lipid Deposition from Transcriptome Profiles of Pig Muscle Tissue

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    <div><p>Transcriptome profiles established using high-throughput sequencing can be effectively used for screening genome-wide differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RNA sequences (from RNA-seq) and microRNA sequences (from miRNA-seq) from the tissues of <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle of two indigenous Chinese pig breeds (Diannan Small-ear pig [DSP] and Tibetan pig [TP]) and two introduced pig breeds (Landrace [LL] and Yorkshire [YY]) were examined using HiSeq 2000 to identify and compare the differential expression of functional genes related to muscle growth and lipid deposition. We obtained 27.18 G clean data through the RNA-seq and detected that 18,208 genes were positively expressed and 14,633 of them were co-expressed in the muscle tissues of the four samples. In all, 315 DEGs were found between the Chinese pig group and the introduced pig group, 240 of which were enriched with functional annotations from the David database and significantly enriched in 27 Gene Ontology (GO) terms that were mainly associated with muscle fiber contraction, cadmium ion binding, response to organic substance and contractile fiber part. Based on functional annotation, we identified 85 DEGs related to growth traits that were mainly involved in muscle tissue development, muscle system process, regulation of cell development, and growth factor binding, and 27 DEGs related to lipid deposition that were mainly involved in lipid metabolic process and fatty acid biosynthetic process. With miRNA-seq, we obtained 23.78 M reads and 320 positively expressed miRNAs from muscle tissues, including 271 known pig miRNAs and 49 novel miRNAs. In those 271 known miRNAs, 20 were higher and 10 lower expressed in DSP-TP than in LL-YY. The target genes of the 30 miRNAs were mainly participated in MAPK, GnRH, insulin and Calcium signaling pathway and others involved cell development, growth and proliferation, etc. Combining the DEGs and the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, we drafted a network of 46 genes and 18 miRNAs for regulating muscle growth and a network of 15 genes and 16 miRNAs for regulating lipid deposition. We identified that <i>CAV2</i>, <i>MYOZ2</i>, <i>FRZB</i>, miR-29b, miR-122, miR-145-5p and miR-let-7c, etc, were key genes or miRNAs regulating muscle growth, and <i>FASN</i>, <i>SCD</i>, <i>ADORA1</i>, miR-4332, miR-182, miR-92b-3p, miR-let-7a and miR-let-7e, etc, were key genes or miRNAs regulating lipid deposition. The quantitative expressions of eight DEGs and seven DE miRNAs measured with real-time PCR certified that the results of differential expression genes or miRNAs were reliable. Thus, 18,208 genes and 320 miRNAs were positively expressed in porcine <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle. We obtained 85 genes and 18 miRNAs related to muscle growth and 27 genes and 16 miRNAs related to lipid deposition, which provided new insights into molecular mechanism of the economical traits in pig.</p></div

    Differentially expressed genes with fold change ≥5 (or≤0.20) and false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.001 that are related to muscle growth.

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    <p>DSP, Diannan Small-ear pig; FPKM, fragments per kilobase of exon length million mapped reads; TP, Tibetan pig; LL, Landrace; YY, Yorkshire.</p><p>Differentially expressed genes with fold change ≥5 (or≤0.20) and false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.001 that are related to muscle growth.</p

    Comparison of the transcript expression levels between the Diannan Small-ear pig-Tibetan pig (DSP-TP) and Landrace-Yorkshire pig (LL-YY) groups.

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    <p>The vertical axis represents the Log2 fragments per kilobase of exon length million mapped reads (FPKM) in the DSP-TP group, and the horizontal axis represents the Log2 FPKM in the LL-YY group. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered using P ≤ 0.05 and |log2ratio| ≥ 1 as a threshold. The red points represent upregulated genes, and the green points indicate downregulated genes. The gray spots represent no significant difference between the DSP-TP and LL-YY groups.</p

    The significantly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms of differentially expressed genes.

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    <p>The blue clusters represent the cellular component, the yellow clusters represent the biological process, and the green clusters represent the molecular function of the GO terms.</p

    Eight differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (A) and seven differentially expressed (DE)microRNAs (miRNAs) (B) were validated by qPCR in <i>longissimus dorsi</i>(LD)muscle tissues.

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    <p>Eight differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (A) and seven differentially expressed (DE)microRNAs (miRNAs) (B) were validated by qPCR in <i>longissimus dorsi</i>(LD)muscle tissues.</p

    Summary of sequencing reads aligned with the <i>Sus scrofa</i> genome and annotated genes.

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    <p>DSP, Diannan Small-ear pig; TP, Tibetan pig; LL, Landrace; YY, Yorkshire.</p><p>Summary of sequencing reads aligned with the <i>Sus scrofa</i> genome and annotated genes.</p

    Summary of RNA sequence (RNA-Seq) mapping data.

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    <p>A: Venn diagrams of the number of genes expressed in each sample. B: The number of detected genes with different expression levels against the range of fragments per kilobase of exon length million mapped reads (FPKM) values.</p
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