Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Genome-wide analysis of the Solanum tuberosum (potato) trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene family: evolution and differential expression during development and stress

Conserved motifs in StTPS proteins. (DOCX 440 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Genome-wide analysis of the Solanum tuberosum (potato) trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene family: evolution and differential expression during development and stress

Amino acid sequence alignment of potato TPS proteins. Strictly conserved sequence is in white on black background; similar amino acids are in black on green background. Residues involved in the catalytic center are placed in boxes. (DOCX 857 kb

The Inadequacy of Normal Distribution Models for the Establishment of Assigned Values in Control Sera. The Establishment of Assigned Values in Control Sera, II.

Peer Reviewe

Additional file 1 of Analysis of bZIP gene family in lotus (Nelumbo) and functional study of NnbZIP36 in regulating anthocyanin synthesis

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Localization of the bZIP genes in the lotus genome. A: N. nucifera. B: N. lutea. Fig. S2. Distribution of cis-acting elements in the promoter region of bZIP genes in lotus. Fig. S3. The heat map of NnbZIPs and NlbZIPs protein sequence alignment rates. The different colored circles indicate the degree of protein sequence similarity. Fig. S4. Sequence alignment analysis of NnbZIP36 and NlbZIP38. Table S1. Sources of transcriptome data used in this study. Table S2. List of primers used in this study

Identification and Characterization of MicroRNAs from Tree Peony (<i>Paeonia ostii</i>) and Their Response to Copper Stress

<div><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding, small RNAs recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Although plant miRNAs have been extensively studied in model systems, less is known in other plants with limited genome sequence data, including <i>Paeonia ostii</i>. In this work, we used high-throughput sequencing to identify conserved and nonconserved miRNAs and other short RNAs in <i>Paeonia ostii</i> under control and copper stressed condition. 102 previously known plant miRNAs were identified and classified into 89 families according to their gene sequence identity. Some miRNAs were highly conserved in the plant kingdom suggesting that these miRNA play important and conserved roles. Combined our transcriptome sequencing data of <i>Paeonia ostii</i> under same conditions, 34 novel potential miRNAs were identified. The potential targets of the identified known and novel miRNAs were also predicted based on sequence homology search. Comparing the two libraries, it was observed that 12 conserved miRNAs and 18 novel miRNAs showed significantly changes in response to copper stress. Some of the new identified potential miRNAs might be involved in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>-specific regulating mechanisms under copper stress. These results provide a framework for further analysis of miRNAs and their role in regulating <i>Paeonia ostii</i> response to copper stress.</p></div

Common and specific sequences between CK and TR lirbary.

<p>Common and specific sequences between CK and TR lirbary.</p

The differentially expression of significant changed miRNAs between CK and TR libraries.

<p>The differentially expression of significant changed miRNAs between CK and TR libraries.</p

Targets of the miRNAs identified in <i>T</i>. <i>angustifolia</i>.

<p>The number of genes for each Gene Ontology (GO) term is relative to the total number of contigs from each gene category.</p

Cadmium-Induced Hydrogen Sulfide Synthesis Is Involved in Cadmium Tolerance in <i>Medicago sativa</i> by Reestablishment of Reduced (Homo)glutathione and Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostases

<div><p>Until now, physiological mechanisms and downstream targets responsible for the cadmium (Cd) tolerance mediated by endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) have been elusive. To address this gap, a combination of pharmacological, histochemical, biochemical and molecular approaches was applied. The perturbation of reduced (homo)glutathione homeostasis and increased H₂S production as well as the activation of two H₂S-synthetic enzymes activities, including _L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) and _D-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD), in alfalfa seedling roots were early responses to the exposure of Cd. The application of H₂S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), not only mimicked intracellular H₂S production triggered by Cd, but also alleviated Cd toxicity in a H₂S-dependent fashion. By contrast, the inhibition of H₂S production caused by the application of its synthetic inhibitor blocked NaHS-induced Cd tolerance, and destroyed reduced (homo)glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostases. Above mentioned inhibitory responses were further rescued by exogenously applied glutathione (GSH). Meanwhile, NaHS responses were sensitive to a (homo)glutathione synthetic inhibitor, but reversed by the cotreatment with GSH. The possible involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling in NaHS responses was also suggested. In summary, LCD/DCD-mediated H₂S might be an important signaling molecule in the enhancement of Cd toxicity in alfalfa seedlings mainly by governing reduced (homo)glutathione and ROS homeostases.</p></div

Common and specific sequences between CK and Cd library.

<p>Summarise the common and specific tags of two libraries, including the summary of unique tags and total tags.</p