Risk of bias evaluation of included studies.

ObjectivesOur aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and safety.Patients and methodsAs of July 7 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The study outcomes included change values in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (at 3 months, 6 months, and end of follow-up)/Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)/Psoriasis disability index (PDI)/C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events.Results333 patients from 4 studies were evaluated. Pooled analyses showed no significant effect of DLQI/PDI/CRP change value (P > 0.05) or PASI change value (3 months, end of follow-up; P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and statistical tests did not support the results of the PASI change values (6 months, P = 0.05). However, the results of subgroup analyses should not be ignored(supplementation with vitamin D2 or Asia would be more effective; P = 0.03). There were no serious adverse effects, and only a few individuals experienced nausea.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis remains unremarkable. The search for a new prognostic index that combines clinical and laboratory factors is needed to compensate for the shortcomings of existing measures and provide stronger evidence of validity.</div

Sensitivity analysis of change in PASI: (A) 3 mouths, (B) 6 mouths, and (C) at the end of follow-up.

Sensitivity analysis of change in PASI: (A) 3 mouths, (B) 6 mouths, and (C) at the end of follow-up.</p

Demographics and clinical characteristics of included studies.

Demographics and clinical characteristics of included studies.</p

PRISMA 2020 checklist.

ObjectivesOur aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and safety.Patients and methodsAs of July 7 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The study outcomes included change values in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (at 3 months, 6 months, and end of follow-up)/Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)/Psoriasis disability index (PDI)/C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events.Results333 patients from 4 studies were evaluated. Pooled analyses showed no significant effect of DLQI/PDI/CRP change value (P > 0.05) or PASI change value (3 months, end of follow-up; P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and statistical tests did not support the results of the PASI change values (6 months, P = 0.05). However, the results of subgroup analyses should not be ignored(supplementation with vitamin D2 or Asia would be more effective; P = 0.03). There were no serious adverse effects, and only a few individuals experienced nausea.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis remains unremarkable. The search for a new prognostic index that combines clinical and laboratory factors is needed to compensate for the shortcomings of existing measures and provide stronger evidence of validity.</div

Forest plot of the change in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI):(A)3 mouths, (B) 6 mouths, (C) at the end of follow-up, (D) subgroup of Vitamin D type at the end of follow-up,and (E) subgroup of patient population at the end of follow-up.

Forest plot of the change in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI):(A)3 mouths, (B) 6 mouths, (C) at the end of follow-up, (D) subgroup of Vitamin D type at the end of follow-up,and (E) subgroup of patient population at the end of follow-up.</p

Flowchart of literature screening process.

ObjectivesOur aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and safety.Patients and methodsAs of July 7 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The study outcomes included change values in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (at 3 months, 6 months, and end of follow-up)/Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)/Psoriasis disability index (PDI)/C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events.Results333 patients from 4 studies were evaluated. Pooled analyses showed no significant effect of DLQI/PDI/CRP change value (P > 0.05) or PASI change value (3 months, end of follow-up; P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and statistical tests did not support the results of the PASI change values (6 months, P = 0.05). However, the results of subgroup analyses should not be ignored(supplementation with vitamin D2 or Asia would be more effective; P = 0.03). There were no serious adverse effects, and only a few individuals experienced nausea.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis remains unremarkable. The search for a new prognostic index that combines clinical and laboratory factors is needed to compensate for the shortcomings of existing measures and provide stronger evidence of validity.</div

Basic characteristics of included literatures.

ObjectivesOur aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and safety.Patients and methodsAs of July 7 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The study outcomes included change values in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (at 3 months, 6 months, and end of follow-up)/Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)/Psoriasis disability index (PDI)/C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events.Results333 patients from 4 studies were evaluated. Pooled analyses showed no significant effect of DLQI/PDI/CRP change value (P > 0.05) or PASI change value (3 months, end of follow-up; P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and statistical tests did not support the results of the PASI change values (6 months, P = 0.05). However, the results of subgroup analyses should not be ignored(supplementation with vitamin D2 or Asia would be more effective; P = 0.03). There were no serious adverse effects, and only a few individuals experienced nausea.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis remains unremarkable. The search for a new prognostic index that combines clinical and laboratory factors is needed to compensate for the shortcomings of existing measures and provide stronger evidence of validity.</div

Detailed search strategy in four databases.

ObjectivesOur aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and safety.Patients and methodsAs of July 7 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The study outcomes included change values in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (at 3 months, 6 months, and end of follow-up)/Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)/Psoriasis disability index (PDI)/C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events.Results333 patients from 4 studies were evaluated. Pooled analyses showed no significant effect of DLQI/PDI/CRP change value (P > 0.05) or PASI change value (3 months, end of follow-up; P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and statistical tests did not support the results of the PASI change values (6 months, P = 0.05). However, the results of subgroup analyses should not be ignored(supplementation with vitamin D2 or Asia would be more effective; P = 0.03). There were no serious adverse effects, and only a few individuals experienced nausea.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis remains unremarkable. The search for a new prognostic index that combines clinical and laboratory factors is needed to compensate for the shortcomings of existing measures and provide stronger evidence of validity.</div

Additional file 3 of Problems with the outcome measures in randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine in treating chronic heart failure caused by coronary heart disease: a systematic review

Additional file 3. list of excluded articles

Additional file 2 of Problems with the outcome measures in randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine in treating chronic heart failure caused by coronary heart disease: a systematic review

Additional file 2. PRISMA checklist