Parameters extraction of single diode model of photovoltaic cell using improved firefly algorithm

Models of photovoltaic (PV) are significant in the design, study and control of renewable energy system. In these models, equivalent diode circuit model is widely researched and used because of its high precision. In diode circuit model, usually there are several parameters to be determined. To improve the performance of PV models, it is important to extract their unknown parameters exactly and quickly. However, because of the nonlinear of the V-I characteristic output of PV, it is difficult to obtain the parameters accurately. In this paper, a self-adaptive firefly algorithm is proposed to extract the parameters of single diode circuit model. Through introducing an adaptive mutation factor into the evolution process of a firefly algorithm, it improves the precision and stability of the solution. The proposed adaptive firefly algorithm is used to extract the parameters of single diode model which have 5 unknown parameters. By using measure output voltage and current data of PV, the proposed algorithm can extract parameters exactly and quickly. The proposed algorithm is compared with classic firefly algorithms and other algorithms in the paper. The results show that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

Metal-Promoted Variants of the Passerini Reaction Leading to Functionalized Heterocycles

The effect of replacing the Brønsted acid in classic Passerini reactions with a mild Lewis acid has been studied. Triggered by metal-promoted silylation, condensations of aliphatic or aromatic carbonyl compounds with appropriately substituted isonitriles capable of neighboring group donation afford α-hydroxyamides, substituted oxazoles, and other useful heterocycles

Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)-α-Kainic Acid Using an Enantioselective, Metal-Promoted Ene Cyclization

A short and efficient asymmetric total synthesis of the title compound 1, which is an important neurotransmitter, has been achieved. The synthesis features a metal-promoted, enantioselective ene reaction that provides entry into the kainic acid ring system from very simple precursors. Moreover, the zirconium-mediated Strecker reaction, which represents an outgrowth of earlier amide-to-imine methodology developed in our laboratory, demonstrates remarkable chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity

Parameters extraction of single diode model of photovoltaic cell using improved firefly algorithm

Models of photovoltaic (PV) are significant in the design, study and control of renewable energy system. In these models, equivalent diode circuit model is widely researched and used because of its high precision. In diode circuit model, usually there are several parameters to be determined. To improve the performance of PV models, it is important to extract their unknown parameters exactly and quickly. However, because of the nonlinear of the V-I characteristic output of PV, it is difficult to obtain the parameters accurately. In this paper, a self-adaptive firefly algorithm is proposed to extract the parameters of single diode circuit model. Through introducing an adaptive mutation factor into the evolution process of a firefly algorithm, it improves the precision and stability of the solution. The proposed adaptive firefly algorithm is used to extract the parameters of single diode model which have 5 unknown parameters. By using measure output voltage and current data of PV, the proposed algorithm can extract parameters exactly and quickly. The proposed algorithm is compared with classic firefly algorithms and other algorithms in the paper. The results show that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

A Facile Synthesis of Substituted 2-Alkylquinolines through [3 + 3] Annulation between 3-Ethoxycyclobutanones and Aromatic Amines at Room Temperature

An efficient single-step approach toward the synthesis of 2-alkylquinolines is described. Through a Lewis acid mediated [3 + 3] annulation reaction between 3-ethoxycyclobutanones and aromatic amines, a variety of multisubstituted 2-alkylquinoline derivatives were prepared regioselectively at room temperature

A Facile Synthesis of Substituted 2-Alkylquinolines through [3 + 3] Annulation between 3-Ethoxycyclobutanones and Aromatic Amines at Room Temperature

An efficient single-step approach toward the synthesis of 2-alkylquinolines is described. Through a Lewis acid mediated [3 + 3] annulation reaction between 3-ethoxycyclobutanones and aromatic amines, a variety of multisubstituted 2-alkylquinoline derivatives were prepared regioselectively at room temperature

Effect of RSV-infected HBECs on the cells cycle of lymphocytes.

<p>(%, n = 8/group, mean±SEM; *P<0.01 vs L ^▵P<0.05 vs RL ^▴P<0.05 vs HL).</p

The cytopathic effects in HBECs after infection with RSV were observed under phase contrast microscopy.

<p>A. normal HBECs; B. The classical pathologic changes of RSV-infected cells: enlarged fusion cell (×100). In this vision, variant shape, shrinkage, and enhanced refraction were present in cells, as well as enlarged fusion cells and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion, which were considered to be proof of RSV infection. A fusion cell is indicated by arrows.</p

Subcellular structure of infected cells and subcellular localization of virus under electron microscopy.

<p>A is normal HBECs (×10000); B is RSV-prolonged infected HBECs in early infection stage, fissure around nucleus is seen (×10000); C is also in early infection stage, expansion of endoplasmic reticulum and a large number of lysosomes in cytoplasm were present (×15000). Both cells in B and C had double nucleoli, which indicated the cell was proliferating rapidly; D is in late infection stage, enlarged fusion cells were present (×10000). Intracellular virus particles indicated by arrows were observed both in nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.</p

The change of Th subsets in lymphocytes after treatment with supernatants from RSV-infected HBECs.

<p>a. The change of Th2 cells in lymphocytes after treatment with supernatants from RSV-infected HBECs. Th2 cells mainly secreted IL-4. Monensin inhibited the secretion of newly produced cytokines in Golgi body. The positive cells in M2 which were conjugated with anti IL-4 were Th2 cells. In Fig 2.6a, the percentage of Th2 cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with RSV-infected HBECs was highest among three groups. The percentage of Th2 cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with normal HBECs was still higher than control. b: The change of Th17 cells in lymphocytes after treatment with supernatants from RSV-infected HBECs. Th17 cells mainly secreted IL-17. The positive cells in M2 which were conjugated with anti IL-17 were Th17 cells. In Fig 2.6b, the percentage of Th17 cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with RSV-infected HBECs was highest among three groups. The percentage of Th2 cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with normal HBECs was still higher than control. c: The change of Treg cells in lymphocytes after treatment with supernatants from RSV-infected HBECs. CD25 was surface marker and Foxp3 was intracellular activating factor of regulatory T cells (Treg). The positive cells in right upper region which were conjugated with anti-CD25 and anti-Foxp3 antibodies were Treg cells. In Fig 2.6c, the percentage of Treg cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with RSV-infected HBECs was lower than the other two groups. There was no difference between control group and normal HBECs group.</p