Supplementary document for Flexible and fast estimation method of far-field patterns for Digital-Coding Metasurfaces - 6518299.pdf

The expanded descriptions for DCM-CZT metho

Influence of Aprotic Cosolvents on the Thermophysical Properties of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated in the biofuels process. In this work, the experimental densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of IL, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, with aprotic cosolvents (i.e., <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylacetamide, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and pyridine) were studied at temperatures ranging from (303.15 to 353.15) K at atmospheric pressure. The Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation is used to correlate the viscosity data. Toward further understanding the influences of cosolvents on the properties of IL, the excess properties of density and viscosity deviations are calculated as well as the energy barrier. The effects of cosolvents on the density and viscosity are discussed

Improving Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Bioinspired Electrospinning Silk Fibroin Nanofibers Modified by Graphene Oxide

In this article, the silk fibroin (SF)/graphene oxide (GO)-blended nanofibers with one bioinspired nanostructure are fabricated via electrospinning. The morphology, chemical structure, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility of the blending nanofibers are investigated. The results indicate that GO plays an important role in preparing the distinctive bioinspired structure. The antibacterial activity and in vivo cell culture test demonstrate that blending of GO could improve the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of SF nanofibers. The blended nanofibers developed in this study may have considerable potential for wound dressing applications

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<p>Hierarchy cluster analysis of <i>K. vulgare</i> proteins: 267 proteins were categorized into 6 clusters based on expression levels using K-means algorithm with the software Expander 4.1.</p

APN induces autophagy in macrophage through Akt-FOXO3a pathway.

<p>A, Western blot shows the protein level of p-Akt, Akt, p-FOXO3a, FOXO3a in macrophages stimulated with phosphate buffered saline, APN, Akt agonist (740Y-P) or with APN in combination with 740Y-P. B, Western blot shows the protein level of PTEN, p-mTOR, mTOR in macrophages stimulated with phosphate buffered saline, APN, Akt agonist (740Y-P) or with APN in combination with 740Y-P. C, Quantitative analysis of p-Akt/Akt ratio, p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a ratio and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio in macrophages stimulated with phosphate buffered saline, APN, and APN in combination with 740Y-P, respectively. n = 6 per group. *P<0.05 versus macrophage treated with saline. D, Quantification of the optical density of PTEN in each groups. n = 6 per group. *P<0.05 versus macrophage treated with saline.</p

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Experimental Evolution of the <i>Bacillus cereus-Ketogulonicigenium vulgare</i> Co-Culture

<div><p>The microbial co-culture system composing of <i>Ketogulonicigenium vulgare</i> and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> was widely adopted in industry for the production of 2-keto-gulonic acid (2-KGA), the precursor of vitamin C. We found serial subcultivation of the co-culture could enhance the yield of 2-KGA by 16% in comparison to that of the ancestral co-culture. To elucidate the evolutionary dynamics and interaction mechanisms of the two microbes, we performed iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analyses of the pure cultures of <i>K. vulgare</i>, <i>B. cereus</i> and their co-culture during serial subcultivation. Hierarchy cluster analyses of the proteomic data showed that the expression level of a number of crucial proteins associated with sorbose conversion and oligopeptide transport was significantly enhanced by the experimental evolution. In particular, the expression level of sorbose/sorbosone dehydrogenase was enhanced in the evolved <i>K. vulgare</i>, while the expression level of InhA and the transport efficiency of oligopeptides were increased in the evolved <i>B. cereus.</i> The decreased sporulating protein expression and increased peptide transporter expression observed in evolved <i>B. cereus</i>, together with the increased amino acids synthesis in evolved <i>K. vulgare</i> suggested that serial subcultivation result in enhanced synergistic cooperation between <i>K. vulgare</i> and <i>B. cereus,</i> enabling an increased production of 2-KGA.</p></div

APN exacerbates macrophage autophagy in vitro.

<p>A and B respectively show the representative western blot and quantitative analysis of LC3 protein level in VSMC and macrophage stimulated with or without APN (5 μg/ml). n = 6 per group. *P<0.05 versus macrophage without APN. C and D respectively show the western blot and quantitative analysis of P62 and Beclin 1 protein level in macrophage treated with or without APN (5 μg/ml). n = 6 per group. *P<0.05 versus macrophage without APN.</p

Heat map of significantly up-regulated protein expressions in <i>B. cereus</i> during the subcultivation: corresponding to clusters 2 and 4 in Figure 3.

<p>Heat map of significantly up-regulated protein expressions in <i>B. cereus</i> during the subcultivation: corresponding to clusters 2 and 4 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0091789#pone-0091789-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a>.</p

Microscopic images of the evolved strains, ancestral strains, and fully evolved strains in the industrial fermentation medium at 96 h.

<p>Vegetative <i>B. cereus</i> cells were indicted by red circles.</p

APN secreted by PVAT aggravates autophagy in plaque.

<p>A, Representative western blot of LC3 expression in arteria carotis transplanted with WT or APN^-/- PVAT 4 weeks after atherosclerosis (n = 6 per group). B, Quantitative analysis of LC3 protein expression in various groups. *P<0.05 versus (WT) PVAT. C, Immunofluorescence of p62, another marker of autophagy, in the arteria carotis with WT or APN^-/- PVAT (n = 6 per group). D, Histogram shows p62 positive cells per 100 cells. *P<0.05 versus (WT) PVAT.</p