Run-Time Resolution of Service Property Conflicts in Web Service Composition

Service composition has become a common approach to realising complex business processes. The large number of services developed and deployed independently by various providers can lead to undesirable interactions between properties of different services which are a serious obstacle for service composition to meet users' requirements. While some property conflicts can be prevented during design, many occur during execution based on runtime data. In this paper, we propose a solution for the problem of run-time resolution of service property conflicts. We formulate the conflict resolution problem as bi-objective optimisation model based on user's revenue. Solving the optimisation model provides a set of Pareto solutions which are ranked to identify the optimal one for resolving a service property conflict. The proposed scheme is implemented in a prototype for experimental performance evaluation. The experimental results indicate that our scheme is effective and efficient in resolving service property conflicts at runtime

Run-Time Resolution of Service Property Conflicts in Web Service Composition

Service composition has become a common approach to realising complex business processes. The large number of services developed and deployed independently by various providers can lead to undesirable interactions between properties of different services which are a serious obstacle for service composition to meet users' requirements. While some property conflicts can be prevented during design, many occur during execution based on runtime data. In this paper, we propose a solution for the problem of run-time resolution of service property conflicts. We formulate the conflict resolution problem as bi-objective optimisation model based on user's revenue. Solving the optimisation model provides a set of Pareto solutions which are ranked to identify the optimal one for resolving a service property conflict. The proposed scheme is implemented in a prototype for experimental performance evaluation. The experimental results indicate that our scheme is effective and efficient in resolving service property conflicts at runtime

Ray Theory of Waves

In order to deal with the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with large homogeneous objects of arbitrary shape with smooth surface we develop the ray theory of waves (RTW) which is composed of the vectorial complex ray model (VCRM) and VCRM based singularity theory. By introducing the wavefront curvature as an intrinsic property of rays, VCRM permits to predict the amplitude and the phase of field at any point rigorously in the sense of ray model. Its combination with the singularity theory remedies the discontinuity in the ray model. In this letter, the wavefront equation, key physical law of VCRM describing the relation between the wavefront curvatures of the incident wave and the refracted/reflected wave, is derived for the most general case of three dimension scattering. The strategy of the calculation scheme in RTW is described. Typical applications to the prediction of the rainbow patterns of a spheroidal drop are presented. The comparison to a rigorous numerical method, multilevel fast multipole algorithm, shows that RTW can predict very fast and precisely the scattered field even in the vicinity of caustics

CdZnTe Radiation Detectors with HgTe/HgCdTe Superlattice Contacts for Leakage Current Reduction

CdZnTe-based heterojunctionp-i-n or M-π-n detectors using HgTe/CdTe superlattice contacts are modeled and designed to reduce leakage currents under high electric fields and thereby improve X-ray and γ-ray detector performance. The employment of an n-type HgTe/CdTe superlattice as a contact layer can theoretically result in significantly less leakage current compared to a contact layer using either bulk semiconductors or metal contacts. The benefits arise from the ability to design HgTe/CdTesuperlattices to have large carrier effective masses in the electric field direction, which results in low carrier velocities. Nevertheless the density of states is lower than that of a comparable bulk semiconductor, which results in low carrier concentrations

Genome-wide association analysis identifies six new loci associated with forced vital capacity

Forced vital capacity (FVC), a spirometric measure of pulmonary function, reflects lung volume and is used to diagnose and monitor lung diseases. We performed genome-wide association study meta-analysis of FVC in 52,253 individuals from 26 studies and followed up the top associations in 32,917 additional individuals of European ancestry. We found six new regions associated at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) with FVC in or near EFEMP1, BMP6, MIR129-2-HSD17B12, PRDM11, WWOX and KCNJ2. Two loci previously associated with spirometric measures (GSTCD and PTCH1) were related to FVC. Newly implicated regions were followed up in samples from African-American, Korean, Chinese and Hispanic individuals. We detected transcripts for all six newly implicated genes in human lung tissue. The new loci may inform mechanisms involved in lung development and the pathogenesis of restrictive lung disease