Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) pada Berbagai Kedalaman dan Posisi Tanam Benih

Germination and growth at seedling stage are critical phases in plant life cycle, especially for physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) usually grown in a dry land. Therefore seedling preparation plays an important role in nursery stock production. Position and depth of seed sowing affected the germination process and further seedling growth and development. A Completely Randomized Design with two factors was used in the experiment, i.e., depth of seed sowing (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm) and seed position (seed with micropyle at the bottom, face-down, and layback). The result showed that position and depth of seed sowing affected the germination and early growth and development of seedling. The effect of seed position on growth and development of seedling persisted until the end of the experiment when the seedlings were two months old. Face-down position with 2 - 3 cm depth represented the best position and depth for seedling growth

Pengembangan Media Mesin CNC Virtual TU-3A sebagai Media Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Pemesinan NC

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Menghasilkan suatu model Simulasi Visual Lintasan Pahat mesin CNC TU-3A yang dapat menerima masukan dan bereaksi sebagaimana mesin CNC sesungguhnya, (2) Menguji model Simulasi Visual Lintasan Pahat mesin CNC TU-3A yang dikembangkan untuk mengetahui kemampuan merepresentasikan mesin CNC. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Obyek penelitian ini adalah rekayasa software CNC Virtual dengan program aplikasi Visual Basic 6. Subyek penelitian adalah ahli dan pengajar CNC, ahli teknologi pembelajaran, ahli media pendidikan, ahli multimedia, dan pengguna program (dosen CNC, guru CNC, mahasiswa, dan siswa SMK). Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan observasi yang dikembangkan peneliti, dan masukan dari teman sejawat pengampu mata kuliah Proses Pemesinan NC. Analisis data dilakukan dan disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) prototype Simulasi Visual Lintasan Pahat mesin CNC TU-3A yang dikembangkan berhasil diwujudkan, di buat dengan spesifikasi atau perencanaan awal pengembangan yang diinginkan, baik dari segi tampilan program, kontrol panel, dan animasi, (2) beberapa perintah pemrograman CNC sudah dapat dijalankan oleh media yang dikembangkan dengan baik, akan tetapi masih terdapat Bug pada kode-kode tertentu, sehingga masih memerlukan revisi dan pengembangan lebih lanjut, (3) media mampu menampilkan simulasi gerakan pahat meskipun sebatas pada kode program tertentu

Pengujian Varietas dan Dosis Pupuk untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Ratun-padi di Sawah Pasang Surut

Test of Rice Varieties and Fertilizer Dose for Increasing Yield of Rice Ratoon in Tidal Swamp Land. The main cause of low productivity of rice in the tidal swamp land is a high level of soil acidity and toxicity of pyrite. To improve the productivity of rice per season in tidal swamp land is to establish the ratoon. The experiment was conducted in type B tidal swamp land, Dadahup A-2 village, Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the effect of doses of fertilizers combined with water-logging after cutting, (b) to obtain technology information to enhance the ratoon yield, and (c) to produce recommendations of the farming system in tidal swamp land. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were five rice varieties, i.e. IR42, Batanghari, Ciherang, Intani-2, and Batang Samo, while subplots were two levels of doses fertilizers, i e. half doses of the main crops (N1 = 75 kg Urea, 50 kg SP-36 and 50 kg of KCl per hectare) and one quarter doses of the main crops (N2 = 37,5 kg of Urea, 25 kg SP-36 and 25 kg of KCl per ha). The results of the experiment indicated that application of fertilizers with a half dose of the main crops increased the grain per panicle, number of filled grain and yield, that was higher than a quarter doses of the main crops. Batang Samo variety was the most responsive to fertilization with higher doses, while Intani-2 variety was responsive to a lower dose of the fertilizer. Batanghari was superior variety with the highest yield of ratoon both a half doses fertilization and a quarter of the main crops. Based on the farming analysis, the ratooning system is very feasible in the tidal swamp lands because it can increasing productivity ± 2.4 – 2.7 t/ha. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan pasang surut adalah dengan memanfaatkan ratun. Penerapan budidaya padi dengan sistem ratun, dapat memberikan tambahan produksi 40-60% per musim tanam, hemat input, biaya, tenaga dan waktu. Suatu penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan pasang surut tipe B, Dadahup A-2, Kabupaten Kapuas, Kalimatan Tengah, mulai bulan Juni 2007 sampai Januari 2008. Penelitian bertujuan untuk : (a) mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk dan penggenangan air setelah panen tanaman utama, (b) mendapatkan informasi teknologi untuk meningkatkan potensi ratun, dan (c) menghasilkan rekomendasi USAhatani dengan sistem ratun di lahan pasang surut. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama terdiri atas lima varietas padi, yaitu : IR42, Batanghari, Ciherang, Intani-2, dan Batang Samo. Anak petak terdiri atas dua takaran dosis pemupukan, yaitu : setengah dari dosis tanaman utama (N1 = 75 kg Urea, 50 kg SP-36 dan 50 kg KCl per ha) dan seperempat dari dosis tanaman utama (N2 = 37.5 kg Urea, 25 kg SP-36 dan 25 kg KCl per hektar). Ratun yang dipupuk dengan perlakuan N1 menghasilkan jumlah gabah per malai, jumlah gabah isi dan hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan N2. Varietas Batang Samo paling responsif tehadap pemupukan dengan dosis tinggi, sedangkan varietas Intani-2 paling responsif terhadap pemupukan dengan dosis rendah. Varietas Batanghari merupakan varietas terbaik yang mampu memberikan hasil ratun tertinggi, baik pada perlakuan N1 maupun N2. Usahatani dengan sistem ratun layak diusahakan di lahan pasang surut karena mampu memberikan tambahan poduksi 2,4 – 2,7 t/ha

Pengaruh Perlakuan Pasca Panen Dan Suhu Simpan Terhadap Daya Simpan Dan Kualitas Buah Mangga (Mangifera Indica L.) Varietas Arumanis

The objective of the experiment was to test the effectiveness of several postharvest treatments of mango at different storage temperatures. Mango cv. Arumanis at 80 % maturity was used in the experiment. A factorial experiment consisted of 2 factors was used. The two factors were storage temperature (24 - 25°C and 18 -19°C) and postharvest treatments (spermidine 1 mM; CaCl2 3 %, plastic wrapping, waxing, and control). Result of the experiment showed that plastic wrapping was the best in inhibiting weight loss, the increase of total soluble solid, ratio of TSS / acidity, the decrease of acidity. However; it also gave off-flavor. Storage at 18 -19°C was effective in inhibiting the increase of softening, total soluble solid, and the decrease of acidit

Kultur Antera Untuk Percepatan Perakitan Varietas Padi Di Indonesia

Rice is a staplefood crop in Indonesia, while the need is increasing due tohigh rice consumption as well as population increase. Theproblems can be solved through increase of national riceproduction. Productivity of lowland and upland should beincreased intensively and other potential dry area outsideJava and Bali Islands should be considered for extending thearea of production. Recently, high yielding variety such assemi dwarf variety, hybrid rice, and new plant type of ricewere being developed by Indonesian breeders. However,new method is needed to complement conventionalbreeding method in order to accelerate rice breeding.Anther culture is one of in vitro culture techniques that canbe used to accelerate the obtainment of pure lines throughdoubled-haploids (DHs) regenerated at first generation ofculture for less than one year. Thus, application of antherculture in conventional breeding will increase the efficiencyof selection process as well as reducing the cost for labour,land and breeder's time. The obtainment of green plantletsderived from anther culture of indica rice subspecies hasbeen improved by the addition of 1 mM putrescine intoinduction and regeneration media. Recently, several uplandrice lines tolerant to abiotic stresses (i.e. low light intensityand aluminum toxicity) and biotic stresses (i.e. leaf andneck blast), several lowland rice/paddy lines tolerant tobiotic stresses (i.e. bacterial leaf blight and blast), andseveral hybrid parental lines (i.e. male sterile, maintainerand restorer) were obtained in 2-3 years from several ricebreeding program involving anther culture. However,potential use anther culture to provide unique geneticmaterial for mapping populations for use in functionalgenomics and molecular breeding has not been explored.The results indicated that anther culture is a feasibletechnology that can be used for accelerating rice breedingprogram in Indonesia

Kultur Antera untuk Mendukung Program Pemuliaan Tanaman Padi

The Objectives of rice breeding program in Indonesia is to obtain high yielding varieties, tolerant, resistant to abiotic and biotic stress and appropriate to planting system in specific area. To accelerate the obtainment of the varieties, a combination of conventional and no conventional breeding method can be used. One alternative procedure is anther culture. Doubled haploid lines can be obtained through cholchicine treatment or rattooning of haploid plants. Plants with high heterozygositas (F1 or F2) can be used as anther source to obtain genetic variability of doubled haploid plants. High degree of homozigousity can be obtained at the first (DHO) generation of doubled haploid plants, less than on year. Evaluation of agronomic characters follows m DHI and DH2 generations. Compared to conventional methods, the use of anther culture in rice breeding program has several advantages including efficiency of selection process, reduction of cost, time and labor. Effort to optimize anther culture method and its rize in rice breeding program in Indonesia is discussed

Role of Polyamines in Inhibition of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Their Effects on Rice Anther Culture Development

The polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were reported to increase green plant regeneration in rice anther culture. Low response of anther culture of rice sub-species indica may be improved with the addition of putrescine in the culture media. Four experiments were conducted to study the role of polyamines in inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis and their effects on rice anther culture development. Anthers of two subspecies of rice, indica (IR64, Krowal, Jatiluhur) and japonica (Taipei 309) were cultured onto media supplemented with putrescine (N6P) and without putrescine (N6). Youngpanicles containing the anthers at mid-to-late nucleate microspores were cold pretreated at 5 + 2°C and incubated in the dark for 8 days before the anthers were cultured. Resultsshowed that medium without putrescine produced an earlier senescence of indica rice anther than that of japonica. The addition of 10-3 M putrescine into the culture media inhibited ethylene biosynthesis as anther senescence delayed, increased the three polyamines contents, and decreased the ACC content as well as ACC oxydase activity in anther-derived calli. In the anther and anther-derived calli of subspecies indica, the totalpolyamines content was lower (10.14 nM g-1 anther and 8.48 nM g-1 calli) than that of subspecies japonica (12.61 nM g-1 anther and 10.16 nM g-1 calli), whereas the ethylene production was higher (32.31 nM g-1 anther and 2.48 nM g-1 calli) than the japonica (31.68 nM g-1 anther and 1.76 nM g-1 calli). This study suggests that application of 10-3 M putrescine in anther culture of rice subspecies indica improves androgenesis by inhibitingearly senescence of cultured anthers and enhancing embryo or callus formation from microspores