Potensi Energi Arus Laut Pada Berbagai Kedalaman Untuk Pembangkit Listrik Di Selat Badung, Bali

Selat Badung merupakan percabangan outlet dari Selat Lombok yang berada di antara Pulau Bali dan Pulau Nusa Penida. Kecepatan arus di Selat Badung berkisar dari 0,2 cm/s - 204,3 cm/s. Kajian arus di lokasi ini diperlukan untuk mengetahui potensinya sebagai pembangkit listrik mengingat kebutuhan akan listrik setiap tahun terus meningkat sekitar 9%.Pengukuran data di perairan lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 Juni 2014 - 5 Juli 2014 dengan interval perekaman 30 menit. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan software Matlab dengan toolbox t_tide yang dapat memisahkan data arus perekaman menjadi data arus harmonik dan non-harmonik dengan mengeluarkan komponen yang berpengaruh nyata menghasilkan energi. Ketiga data arus ini akan dianalisis untuk dikonversi. Konversi energi menggunakan persamaan Fraenkel dengan asumsi-asumsi.Potensi daya terbesar yang dapat dihasilkan pada lokasi penelitian adalah 43.701,76 W yang berada pada kedalaman 13 m sedangkan potensi daya rata-rata terbesarnya adalah 71,52 W berada di kedalaman 3 m dari permukaan. Akumulasi potensi daya yang didapat berada pada kedalaman 13 meter dengan besar daya 95.125,32 W

Production Optimization for Plan of Gas Field Development Using Marginal Cost Analysis

Gas production rate is one of the most important variables affecting the feasibility plan of gas field development. It take into account reservoir characteristics, gas reserves, number of wells, production facilities, government take and market conditions. In this research, a mathematical  model of gas production optimization  has been developed using  marginal cost  analysis  in  determining  the  optimum  gas  production  rate  for  economic  profit,  by employing  the  case  study  of Matindok  Field.  The  results  show  that  the  optimum  gas  production  rate  is  mainly  affected  by  gas  price  duration  and time of gas delivery. When the price of gas  increases, the optimum  gas production rate  will increase, and then it  will become closer to the maximum production rate of the reservoir. Increasing the duration time of gas delivery will reduce the optimum gas production rate and increase maximum profit non-linearly

Natural Gas as Petroleum Fuel Substitution: Analysis of Supply-demand Projections, Infrastructures, Investments and End-user Prices

The petroleum fuels (PF) subsidy has long burdens the government spending, and discourages less expensive energy USAge such as natural gas (NG). Exporting NG and importing the more expensive PF products cause financial losses to Indonesia. The lack of NG infrastructure is the main hurdle in maximizing domestic NG USAge and so does the perception of its high investment costs burdening government spending and pushing the NG transportation cost up. This study calculates the required NG infrastructure and its investments for several levels of PF substitutions up to 2030. To balance the NG demands, the supply from each field and its corresponding infrastructures needed was calculated and optimized using non-linear programming with generalized reduced gradient  method to calculate the lowest transportation cost for the consumers. The study shows with a favorable return on investments attractive to private investors, the NG prices can still be put much lower than PF prices, allowing subsidy, import and production cost savings in many sectors. Furthermore, the highest level of substitution scenario needs only US$2.07 billion a year investment, very low compare to the current US$ 14.17 billion a year PF and electricity subsidy. &nbsp

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Elektrolit Polieter-eter Keton Tersulfonasi

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN ELEKTROLIT POLIETER-ETER KETON TERSULFONASI. Membran elektrolit untuk aplikasi sel bahan bakar metanol langsung, Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) berfungsi untuk menghantarkan ion (proton) dan pembatas antara anoda dan katoda. Polieter-eter keton (PEEK) merupakan salah satu polimer aromatik yang dapat di aplikasikan pada DMFC karena selain dari karakteristiknya yang tahan terhadap lingkungan DMFC (metanol), polimer tersebut juga cukup mudah dalam proses sulfonasinya yaitu menggunakan asam sulfat pekat. Tujuan percobaan ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi proses sulfonasi PEEK (sPEEK) dengan memvariasikan suhu sulfonasi 40 oC, 45 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC dan 70 oC pada waktu yang tetap yaitu 3 jam. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan suhu sulfonasi yang optimal berada pada kondisi suhu 60 oC memberikan karakteristik membran adalah kapasitas penukar ion 2,1 gek/g polimer, derajat sulfonasi 77%, konduktivitas ionik 0,045 S/cm, permeabilitas metanol 4 x 10-7 cm2/s , sweeling air membran 15%, swelling metanol membran 18% dan selektivitas relatif 3,9

The Influence of Tio2 Morphology and Doped PT on Hidrogen Production From Water with Photocatalytic Method

The influence of TiO2 morphology and doped Pt on hydrogen production has been investigated. TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NT) were obtained by using combination of sonication and hydrothermal methods. Pt was doped on the surface of TiO2 NT by using photo-deposition method. TiO2 Degussa P25 nanoparticle was employed as comparison. Sonication was performed using ultrasonic cleaner for 60min then followed by hydrothermal treatment in a teflon lined stainless steel autoclave for 12 hours at 13 °C. TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by means of X-Ray Powder Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectane Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) technique. A pyrex reactor was employed to conduct hydrogen production while methanol was used as sacrificial agent. The result shows by using Pt/TiO2 NT increased hydrogen production about 18 times than that of TiO2 NT without Pt doped

Cradle to Gate Simple Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production in Indonesia

The focus of this research is to analyze potential environmental impact in the supply chain of palm oil biodiesel industries. Simple Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is applied to analyze impacts, produced by the three main units in the supply chain of Palm-Oil-based Biodiesel, which are Palm Plantation, CPO mill, and Biodiesel Plant. We developed LCA calculation model using spreadsheet software, used to assess a number of input scenarios to evaluate the best scenario, in variation of: land quality, land area and the rate of clearing, land clearing technique and type of the original land. The biggest potential environmental impact is the contribution to global warming impact which emissions are produced mostly from unit plantation. Although plantation has biggest potential to contribute to environmental impact, it also gives biggest reduction to global warming impact. In general, the biggest environmental impact in the LCA category is climate change, followed by photo-oxidant formation and eutrophication. The biggest impacts in the supply chain are from the plantation, especially when choosing the right technique for land clearing. In addition, due to LCA linearity nature, the scenario that we tested does not change the total accumulative environmental impacts

Development Strategies for Grid-Connected Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic to Increase Renewable Energy Penetration

The government of Indonesia has launched programs to decarbonize its power systems by replacing fossil fuel-based plants with renewable energy. Solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment faces economic and technical barriers despite abundant solar irradiance. This study evaluates techno-economic strategies for 10 MW grid-connected solar PV systems, comparing two scenarios: without Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and with BESS to reduce grid reliance. Key interventions were analyzed for their economic impacts, including tariff adjustments, carbon tax implementation, and competitive auction schemes. The results show that without BESS, the project achieves an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21.30%, making it highly feasible. However, including BESS lowers the IRR to 5.89% due to higher costs. Combining carbon tax and tariff adjustments improves feasibility, achieving a Profitability Index (PI) of 1.00 and an IRR of 14.74%. Competitive auctions further lower costs, enhancing the feasibility of BESS projects. While solar PV without BESS is economically viable, risks of capital cost increases require attention. For BESS projects, policy interventions such as auctions and incentives are essential. This study highlights strategic measures to accelerate solar PV adoption in Indonesia, providing insights for policymakers and investors to scale up renewable energy deployment effectively