RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER INCIDENCE IN SEMARANG CITY

Unplanned urbanization can cause unhealthy urban environment, which in turn increases the population of mosquitoes carrying the dengue vector. Consequently, this would reduce the urban life quality because public health is an important aspect of it. The increasing incidence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Semarang City has been alarming. In 2013, the incidence was 2,364 cases, which increased up to 89.11% from the 1,250 cases of 2012. So, it is necessary to study about what relationship is there between the level of urbanization and the incidence of DHF in Semarang. This study used quantitative and spatial approach. The unit of analysis is sub-district with time series data from 2006 to 2013. The analysis technique is spatial analysis through image interpretation, regression, and descriptive analysis. The level of urbanization has been measured through the variables of population growth, population density, land use change, and building density. The results have shown that there is no significant correlation between the level of urbanization and the incidence of dengue fever. The urbanization is acknowledged as influencing only about 28% of the DHF incidence in the city, while the other 72% has been influenced by other factors

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT URBANISASI DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KOTA SEMARANG

Penyebaran penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dapat disebabkan oleh faktor demografi dan kualitas lingkungan seperti tingginya kepadatan bangunan dan perubahan penggunaan lahan yang sering terjadi pada kawasan perkotaan. Dinamika perubahan kualitas lingkungan dan kependudukan di wilayah perkotaan tersebut dapat diindikasikan sebagai urbanisasi. Kualitas lingkungan perkotaan yang tidak sehat dapat diakibatkan oleh urbanisasi yang tidak terencana dengan baik, sehingga berpotensi untuk meningkatkan perkembangan nyamuk pembawa vektor Dengue. Penurunan kualitas kota yang diakibatkan oleh dampak buruk kegiatan urbanisasi dapat mengurangi kemampuan dalam mendukung kehidupan perkotaan, salah satunya dalam bidang kesehatan. Kota Semarang sebagai wilayah perkotaan juga mengalami berbagai permasalahan akibat fenomena urbanisasi. Jumlah penduduk Kota Semarang mencapai 1,54 jiwa pada tahun 2011, angka ini terus meningkat dan pada tahun 2013 telah mencapai 1,57 juta jiwa. Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) juga menunjukkan tren peningkatan. Tahun 2013 jumlah kasus DBD sejumlah 2.364 kasus atau naik 89,11% dari 1.250 kasus pada Tahun 2012. Berdasarkan gambaran tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana hubungan antara tingkat urbanisasi dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Semarang

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER INCIDENCE IN SEMARANG CITY

Unplanned urbanization can cause unhealthy urban environment, which in turn increases the population of mosquitoes carrying the dengue vector. Consequently, this would reduce the urban life quality because public health is an important aspect of it. The increasing incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Semarang City has been alarming. In 2013, the incidence was 2,364 cases, which increased up to 89.11% from the 1,250 cases of 2012. So, it is necessary to study about what relationship is there between the level of urbanization and the incidence of DHF in Semarang. This study used quantitative and spatial approach. The unit of analysis is sub-district with time series data from 2006 to 2013. The analysis technique is spatial analysis through image interpretation, regression, and descriptive analysis. The level of urbanization has been measured through the variables of population growth, population density, land use change, and building density. The results have shown that there is no significant correlation between the level of urbanization and the incidence of dengue fever. The urbanization is acknowledged as influencing only about 28% of the DHF incidence in the city, while the other 72% has been influenced by other factors

Extended Urbanization through Capital Centralization: Contract Farming in Palm Oil-Based Agroindustrialization

The discussion on extended urbanization considers accumulation by dispossession as a key apparatus for instilling urban logic into predominantly rural areas. This paper contends that extended urbanization can also be produced without physical dispossession of community land. This is illustrated by the case study of Sei Mangkei, an emerging palm oil agroindustrial district in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Capitalist industries prefer monetization through contract farming rather than privatization as an instrument to capture the productivity of palm oil smallholder land. The people who serve as smallholders in the palm oil industry are not victims of land appropriation. Moreover, this situation was also triggered by an opportunity for maximizing the socio-economic welfare of smallholders. However, the limited options to access other economic activities when the commodity crisis occurred was a consequence that smallholders were not aware of in the past. Thus, we assert that extended urbanization was (re)produced through the articulation of socio-economic and cultural practices of smallholders on a local-scale with regard to the dynamics of the broader process of global industrialization

Extended Urbanization through Capital Centralization: Contract Farming in Palm Oil-Based Agroindustrialization

The discussion on extended urbanization considers accumulation by dispossession as a key apparatus for instilling urban logic into predominantly rural areas. This paper contends that extended urbanization can also be produced without physical dispossession of community land. This is illustrated by the case study of Sei Mangkei, an emerging palm oil agroindustrial district in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Capitalist industries prefer monetization through contract farming rather than privatization as an instrument to capture the productivity of palm oil smallholder land. The people who serve as smallholders in the palm oil industry are not victims of land appropriation. Moreover, this situation was also triggered by an opportunity for maximizing the socio-economic welfare of smallholders. However, the limited options to access other economic activities when the commodity crisis occurred was a consequence that smallholders were not aware of in the past. Thus, we assert that extended urbanization was (re)produced through the articulation of socio-economic and cultural practices of smallholders on a local-scale with regard to the dynamics of the broader process of global industrialization.</jats:p

Community Capacity Building through an Alternative Approach Based on Participation in Handling Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Semarang

Abstract. Indonesia became the country with the highest number dengue cases in Asia, with as many as 80.065 cases, according to data by the United Nations in 2010. Dengue fever has killed hundreds, posing a threat to society against vector-based diseases, especially to those who are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The vulnerability of society will depend on their adaptive capacity in preventing or responding to an increased risk of disease transmission. In the efforts to increase resistance to the dengue risk, it will be difficult when only relying on increasing the quality of human resources in the health sector. In this context, the overall participation of the communities who are vulnerable of dengue becomes significant. DHF prevention programs with an alternative approach based on community participation in the ACTIVE (Actions Changing The Incidence of Vector- Borne Endemic Diseases) program in Semarang have been carried out by Mercy Corps Indonesia (MCI) with the Government of Semarang (Health Department, Development Planning Agency, Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Agency, Department of Education) as well as academics of Diponegoro University. A series of activities in the ACTIVE program aims to build a city resilient to climate change, especially in the health sector by reducing the incidence of dengue. This paper aims to assess an alternative approach based on participation implemented through the concept of community capacity building within the framework of ACTIVE Program. The method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach to the process of community capacity building. An alternative approach based on the concept of social learning and inclusive planning is able to get the government's attention and arouse the enthusiasm and the spirit of the community facing dengue in the region. Based on interviews with stakeholders, they generally refer to the alternative approach based on participation as interesting and consider the approaches effective in solving the problems of dengue at the level of public behavior. Keywords. Dengue hemorrhagic fever, ACTIVE, alternative approach, community capacity.Abstrak. Indonesia menjadi negara dengan kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) tertinggi di Asia  yaitu sebanyak 80.065 jiwa (United Nation, 2010). Wabah DBD telah menelan banyak korban jiwa sehingga menimbulkan ancaman bagi masyarakat terhadap penyakit berbasis vektor, terlebih mereka yang rentan di bawah tekanan dampak perubahan iklim. Kerentanan masyarakat akan tergantung pada kapasitas adaptif dalam mencegah atau merespon risiko peningkatan transmisi penyakit. Dalam melakukan upaya peningkatan ketahanan terhadap risiko DBD tersebut, maka akan sulit jika hanya mengandalkan peningkatan kualitas SDM di bidang kesehatan saja. Pada konteks ini, maka partisipasi menyeluruh dari masyarakat yang rentan terhadap DBD menjadi signifikan. Program penanggulangan DBD dengan pendekatan alternatif berbasis partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan ACTIVE (Actions Changing The Incidence of Vector- Borne Endemic Diseases/Inisiatif Penanganan Penyakit Endemik Berbasis Vektor) di Kota Semarang telah dilakukan oleh Mercy Corps Indonesia (MCI) bersama dengan Pemerintah Kota Semarang (Dinas Kesehatan, Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda), Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG), Dinas Pendidikan) serta Universitas Diponegoro selaku akademisi. Rangkaian kegiatan dalam Program ACTIVE bertujuan untuk membangun kota yang berketahanan terhadap perubahan iklim khususnya dari sektor kesehatan dengan cara mengurangi kejadian DBD. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pendekatan alternatif berbasis partisipasi yang diterapkan melalui konsep peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat dalam kerangka Program ACTIVE. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif terhadap proses peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat. Pendekatan alternatif berdasarkan konsep pembelajaran sosial dan perencanaan inklusif mampu mendapatkan perhatian pemerintah dan menggugah antusiasme serta semangat masyarakat dalam menghadapi DBD di wilayahnya. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara para stakeholder, umumnya menyinggung pendekatan alternatif berbasis partisipasi yang menarik dan dinilai efektif dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan DBD pada tingkat perilaku masyarakat.Kata kunci. demam berdarah dengue, ACTIVE, pendekatan alternatif, kapasitas masyarakat

Assessing Flood Vulnerability from Rapid Urban Growth: A Case of Central Java — Indonesia

Urban growth, in many Asian cities, may lead to increased exposure to flood and growing sensitivity mainly because of the presence of informal settlements. On the other hand, urban areas may offer better access to public facilities, improving adaptive capacity and enhancing the local government’s capabilities. This study aims to investigate to what extent urban growth exacerbates flood vulnerability in Central Java. Concurrently, floods are the most frequent disaster in the area. The approach used in the vulnerability assessment involves socioeconomic conditions (population density, the number of impoverished families, public facilities) associated with three main aspects (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity), resulting in the Exposure and Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index. Scoring and weighting analysis using secondary data in a sub-district unit from the Central Bureau of Statistics are applied. The result shows that urban growth contributes to the escalation of hazards and vulnerability. On the other hand, a high population also increases the number of public facilities and affects adaptive capacity in certain areas. Indeed, strategic urban development policies are critical to manage the three elements that form the flood vulnerability