Effects Of Aluminium Toxicity On Root Morphology And Physiology Of Two Maize Hybrids

Acid soils in Malaysia account for 72% of the country that was classified under Ultisols and Oxisols. Crop production is not favorable in highly weathered Ultisols and Oxisols, due to aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn) toxicities as well as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) deficiencies. Acid soils with high Al saturation (> 60%) induce water stress and retards plant growth. Al toxicity and water stress affects every aspect of plant growth, including the anatomy, morphology, physiology and biochemistry. Therefore, a detail understanding of the physiological characteristics of Al stress, will lead to improvement of maize (Zea mays L.) with tolerance to Al that can be grown on Ultisols and Oxisols. Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of aluminium toxicity on root morphology and physiology of two maize hybrids (Putra J-58 and C-7). Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and at Field two, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of Al on seed germination, short-term effect of Al on root structure and effect of high Al concentrations on maize growth. The experimental designs were randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement, and replicated three times. Overall results showed that maize seeds were impermeable to Al, even though seeds were soaked in 300 μM Al for 8 h, the seeds when sliced and stained with 0.2% hematoxylin showed that the embryo was not stained. Moreover, seed germination was normal when soaked in Al solution, but after germination, root growth was restricted and root tip became brown, stubby, with lesions on the root surface. The total root length of C-7 was significantly longer than Putra J-58. Hematoxylin staining showed that tolerance level of Putra J-58 was considered as intermediate tolerance to Al, while C-7 was sensitive to Al. Al uptake appears to take place within 30 min, and based on the root morphological observations, Al disrupted root cells within 24 h as indicated by lesions in the cortex tissue of the root tip. High Al concentrations (278 and 556 μM Al) inhibited root growth as well as root branching and induced water stress symptoms. After two days in the Al solution, leaves showed interveinal chlorosis, a symptom of Mg deficiency and supported by result of leaf analysis. This symptom was observed on plant grown in solutions with 278 and 556 μM Al. Ca content in the shoot of maize grown in 0 and 556 μM Al were 8.81 and 4.41 μg/g of DM, respectively. Moreover, Mg content in the shoot of maize grown in 0 and 556 μM Al were 5.51 and 2.33 μg/g of DM, respectively. After six days in the nutrient solution containing 556 μM Al, root and shoot dry matter reduced by 61.1% and 34.8%, respectively, compared to control. In addition, stomatal resistance increased by 84.6% and transpiration rate was reduced 41.8% by 556 μM Al, respectively, compared to control. Al toxicity induced root lesions, stubby roots and deep-cracking on the epidermal tissue of the roots. However, the degree of root inhibition or root damage and the decreasing plant physiological activities were dependent on the level of Al present. Maize root growth appears to show a linear or almost exponential response to Al toxicity

PANDANGAN GURU PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DI SMP SE-KOTA YOGYAKARTA TERHADAP KOMPETENSI MAHASISWA PJKR DALAM PELAKSANAAN PRAKTIK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan guru pendidikkan jasmani di SMP Se-kota Yogyakarta terhadap kompetensi mahasiswa PJKR dalam pelaksanaan praktik pengalaman lapangan pada tahun 2011. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru pendidikan jasmani SMP di Kota Yogyakarta yang menjadi guru pembimbing mahasiswa praktikan PPL PJKR berjumlah 12 orang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket sebagai instrumennya. Terdapat 35 butir pernyataan yang ada dalam instrumen. Uji validitas menggunakan korelasi bagian total dengan taraf signifikansi 5%, 35 butir gugur 3 sehingga ada 32 butir yang valid dan uji reliabilitasnya menggunakan teknik alpha cronbach level 0,576. Sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sebesar 41,66% mahasiswa PPL UNY Prodi PJKR memiliki kompetensi yang “sangat baik”, sedangkan sisanya yakni sebesar 16,67% dalam kartegori “baik”, sebesar 16,67% masuk dalam kategori “kurang baik”, dan 25% masuk dalam kartegori kompetensi “kurang baik sekali”. Hasil semua analisis yang menunjukkan kompetensi mahasiswa PPL FIK UNY dapat diketahui bahwa kemampuan yang paling baik dimiliki Mahasiswa praktikan adalah kemampuan dalam menyiapkan pembelajaran dan kompetensi kurang baik adalah dalam mengevaluasi pembelajaran. Kata kunci: Pandangan Guru Penjas, Kompetensi, Mahasiswa PPL

IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES AND STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE TEAMS-GAMES-TOURNAMENT (TGT) FIFTH GRADE CLASS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 8 SOUTH METRO

This research is motivated by the low activities and student learning outcomes in teaching reading comprehension is lesson. The purpose of this action research to improve the activity and student learning outcomes in reading comprehension through cooperative learning type teams-games-tounament (TGT) in fifth grade class Elementary School 8 South Metro academic year 2011/2012. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). CAR consists of a series of four activities carried out in the cycle, namely: (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. The data were taken by using observation, test, and documentation. The data analysis of this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative of the learning process of students from the first cycle to the second cycle.The results of the reading comprehension is lesson in fifth grade class students of Elementary School 8 South Metro through the TGT cooperative learning from cycle to cycle is increase. Student activity in the first cycle obtained 65.90%, in the second cycle it obtained 78.40% or 12.50% increased. Student learning outcomes in the first cycle is 68.33, the second cycle increased 5.21 to 73.54. Based on the findings, reading comprehension activities through cooperative learning tipe TGT is able to improve student learning outcomes. Researcher recommend to teachers to implement cooperative learning TGT as an alternative learning method to teach Indonesian as well as other subjects. Keywords: Activities, Learning Outcomes, Reading Comprehension, TeamsGames-Tournament (TGT

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON TEACHING VOCABULARY AT THE THIRD GRADE STUDENTS OF SD N 04 BEJEN IN 2010/2011 ACADEMIC YEAR

This qualitative research aims at describing the process of teaching-learning vocabulary at the third grade students of SD N 04 Bejen, Karanganyar. It is conducted to describe the process, goal, material, and the method of teaching vocabulary, problem faced by the teacher, and the problem solving applied by the teacher at SD N 04 Bejen, Karanganyar. The writer gets the data of this research from event, informant, and document. The techniques of collecting data are the interview and observation. The data are information relating to the process of teaching-learning vocabulary, problems faced and problem solving applied by the teacher at SD N 04 Bejen, Karanganyar. The result of the analysis shows that the goals of teaching vocabulary are to improve and develop students’ vocabulary. The methods applied by the teacher are Grammar Translation Method and Direct Method. The teacher faces several problems in teaching vocabulary, namely: class management, students’ different ability, and different motivation of the students. The problems solving applied by teacher are by using group work to manage the number of students that overload, arranging the position of the students place in the class, and giving advices and motivation about the importance of their activity in vocabulary class

Kejahatan Pertambangan Dalam Perspektif Keadilan Bermartabat

Hukum selalu hadir untuk mengatasi kejahatan dan menghadirkan kembali keadilan. Urgensi kehadiran hukum mengatasi kejahatan atau ketidakadilan pertambangan terlihat dalam rumusan UUD 1945 Pasal 33 ayat (3). Bahwa bumi, air, dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung didalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat. Keadilan Bermartabat memotret, menggambarkan dan terutama menjelaskan bagaimana eksistensi hukum mengatasi kejahatan maupun pelanggaran atau ketidakadilan yang selalu mengancam eksistensi dunia pertambangan. Suatu contoh dari gambaran Keadilan Bermartabat tentang kejahatan dan kehadiran hukum untuk mencegah dan mengatasi kejahatan dalam bidang pertambangan dalam sistem hukum Pancasila itu antara lain dapat terlihat manifestasinya dalam rumusan ketentuan dalam UU No. 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Gambaran Keadilan Bermartabat tentang kejahatan atau ketidakadilan serta upaya untuk mengatasi kejahatan dan ketidakadilan pertambangan antara lain dapat ditemukan dalam rumusan pasal-pasal mulai Pasal 158 sampai dengan Pasal 165 UU No. 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.The law has always been around to overcome evil and restore justice. The urgency of the ever presence of law in handling mining crime activities could be seen in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Article 33 Section 3. It is stipulated that land, water and wealth of it's natural resources are in the possession of the State and used for the utmost welfare of the people. The Dignified Justice has potrayed, described and particularly explained how the law exists to overcome crimes and offences or injustices which always threaten the mining industries. Among other things, one of the examples ofthe Dignified Justice Theory describes how the law plays it's role to prevent and solve crimes in the Pancasila Legal System which is in the Law number 4/2009 on Minerals and Coals Mining. The details on the types of crimes and offences on the mining field and all the legal efforts to overcome those injustices might be found in the Articles of 158 to 165 of the Law number 4/2009 on Minerals and Coals Mining

Pidana Dalam Hukum Islam Dan Perbandingan Dengan Hukum Pidana Nasioual

The traditional criminal which originates from Isiamic Fiqh has a great philosophical basic to be the source of the national criminal law reform in Indonesia. However, it is relevant to seeks the religious values to establish the new Criminal Law

Perancangan Desain Ergonomi Ruang Proses Produksi untuk Memperoleh Kenyamanan Termal Alami

Thermal comfort in a production process will increase the productivity of labor. Thermal comfort is affected by the dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and ventilation systems. The design space of the production process is designed to have area 1500 m2 and has six cooling towers. From the research results obtained the production process of circulation space which occurred 26.5 / h, air flow rate into the system is 0.9648 m / s with a correction factor of 0.4, has a power ventilation evaporative cooling tower total of 5472 Watts and has a cooling load 18 173, 3 kW. This condition is able to meet the thermal comfort requirements for the production of space used as a kitchen and a number of employees about 100 people. The design of cooling towers to meet the needs of the cooling load around 4%

Kebijakan Kriminalisasi dalam Peraturan Daerah dan Sinkronisasi dengan Hukum Pidana Kodifikasi

The synchronization of criminal provisions in the residential decrees with the codified criminal law has not yet been made due to variety of the legal sources to which residential decrees may refer. Among the differences which need synchronization are the difference in the provisions of witnesses and also the differences in the interpretation made by the regulators

PENGARUH KELUARGA, SEKOLAH DAN MEDIA MASSA TERHADAP TINGKAT SOSIALISASI POLITIK PELAJAR (SUATU PENELITIAN DI SMA NEGERI 3 DAN SMA PGRI 1 SAMPIT KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH)

Proses sosialisasilah yang membuat seseorang menjadi mengerti bagaimana seharusnya seseorang bertingkah laku di tengah-tengah masyarakat dan lingkungan budayanya. Proses sosialisasi membawa seseorang dari keadaan belum tersosialisasi menjadi masyarakat dan beradab. Melalui sosialisasi, seseorang secara berangsur-angsur mengenal persyaratan-persyaratan dan tuntutan-tuntutan hidup di lingkungan budayanya. Sosialisasi merupakan proses pembelajaran atau pendidikan insan-insan politik. Dalam proses sosialisasi ini melibatkan peran serta dan hubungan agen-agen sosialisasi politik yang dipandang mempunyai kewajiban penuh dalam hal pembelajaran dan pengetahuan tentang politik. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara agen-agen sosialisasi politik terhadap tingkat sosialisasi politik seseorang, dimana penelitian ini menggunakan agen-agen sosialisasi politik keluarga, sekolah dan media massa terhadap tingkat sosialisasi politik pelajar. Dengan menggunakan objek telaahan penelitian eksplansi (eksplanatory reaseach) yang ingin mengetahui hubungan antara variabel yang di hipotesiskan. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik analisa regresi. Untuk dapat memperoleh data, penulis melakukan pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner, dimana populasinya adalah siswa dari dua SMA yang berbeda yang diteliti yaitu sebanyak 1.750 siswa. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada siswa SMA melalui penentuan sampel yang dilakukan dengan Teknik Cluster Sampling (cluster dapat diartikan rumpun) pengambilan sampel secara acak dengan perbedaan bahwa setiap unitnya adalah kumpulan atau claster dari pada unsur-unsur, sampel berdasarkan rumpun atau kumpulan sebanyak 90 siswa/responden. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara keluarga (X1) dengan sosialisasi politik (Y), kemudian ada pengaruh dari sekolah (X2) terhadap sosialisasi politik (Y) dan adanya pengaruh dari media massa (X3) terhadap sosialisasi politik (Y). Adapun besarnya pengaruh yang diberikan oleh variabel keluarga, sekolah dan media massa secara simultan terhadap sosialisasi politik sebesar 27,40%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 72,60%. Hal ini berati, sebesar 27,40% faktor pembentuk sosialisasi politik pelajar dipengaruhi oleh keluarga, sekolah dan media massa