30 research outputs found
Predicting spatially heterogeneous invasive spread : Pyracantha angustifolia invading a dry Andean valley in northern Argentina
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dominic Brass and Stephen White for providing code for running the analytical model, Thomas Cornulier and Ezequiel Aráoz for their advice. Funding Funding was provided by an SBS PGT project award (School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen) and project CONTAIN, and equipment provided by Instituto de Ecología Regional. Project CONTAIN is funded under the Latin American Biodiversity Programme, as part of the Newton Fund (NE/S011641/1) with contributions from NERC, the Argentine National Scientific & Technical Research Council (CONICET,-2019-74-APN-DIR#CONICET), the Brazilian São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP2018/14995-8 ), the Chilean National Commission for Scientific & Technological Research (CONICYT).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Characterization of forest carbon stocks at the landscape scale in the Argentine Dry Chaco
One of the most proposed climate change mitigation strategies is carbon sequestration by vegetation. This depends on the rate of carbon uptake and transformation in biomass, the rate of release through respiration, and the stability of the stocks to disturbances. Forest diversity influences these factors, in a degree that varies according to certain functional characteristics. The Dry Chaco is the largest dry forest in the world, and one of the regions with the highest deforestation rates of the planet. Our aim was to geographically describe three carbon stock attributes from forest communities of the Dry Chaco Forests in Argentina at the landscape scale: wood density, tree height and annual carbon increase in aboveground biomass, as proxies of forest stability and carbon long-term persistence. In addition, we evaluated the relationships between these attributes and climate features, in the search of potential climate controls. Higher precipitation during the growing season and low mean annual temperature benefited the combination of these three treats related to C storage persistence. The distribution of the most favorable states of the three attributes is centered at the northwestern area of the Dry Chaco. Our geographic description of carbon stocks attributes can contribute to more suitable conservation planning and allows forecasting potential shifts in forests due to climate change.Fil: Powell, Priscila Ana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Cátedra de Ecología General; ArgentinaFil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Nazaro, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Loto, Dante Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Instituto de Silvicultura y Manejo de Bosques; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Zoología; ArgentinaFil: Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentin
Unequal Appropriation of Urban Vegetation in Argentine Cities
Seventy-five percent of the human population will live in urban areas by 2050, and urban vegetation will be the main source of ecosystem services. Unequal access to urban vegetation might exacerbate existing socioeconomic differences. Studies performed in cities of developed countries show that the population with higher socioeconomic status has more access to ecosystem services provided by vegetation. In urban areas, with small internal climatic variation, plant productivity measured through satellite imagery is a good indicator of vegetation availability that can be mapped. In this study, we characterized the distribution of plant productivity in 40 Argentine urban centers and we identified socio-environmental variables that control its spatial patterns within and among urban centers. We used socioeconomic indicators obtained from the 2010 National Population and Households Census and a 4-year mean plant productivity measured through the integration of NDVI values derived from MODIS satellite images. In most of the analyzed cities, plant productivity increased as socioeconomic status decreased; and only in 25% of the cities, we found a positive relationship between socioeconomic status and plant productivity. In the latter case, most of the cities were placed in arid environments, where both the cost of watering and the effect of subsidized water on plant productivity are proportionally higher. Buenos Aires and Bariloche, which also showed positive associations between socioeconomic status and plant productivity, are located in humid environments, but Buenos Aires is the most densely populated city of Argentina and Bariloche is a touristic city; in these cities, the relative cost of keeping green spaces instead of building housing infrastructure is also high. These results show that vegetation distribution among socioeconomic status is more diverse than suggested by the literature and that the appropriation of vegetation productivity by groups with higher socioeconomic status only occurs when vegetation cost increases to the point of becoming a luxury good.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació
Estrategias fotosintéticas y morfo-anatómicas foliares de Ligustrum sinense (Oleaceae), una especie exótica invasora en el sotobosque de la selva de yungas.
Background and aims: Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) is a recognized invasive exotic species. The objective of this study was to determine the physiological and foliar anatomical traits of Chinese privet saplings that would give it an advantage for its establishment in the understory of the Yungas forest environment.
M&M: This study was conducted in Parque Nacional Aconquija (Tucumán, Argentina). The foliar physiological and morpho-anatomical traits deployed were investigated in an understory environment during spring-summer and winter. The anatomical features of the leaf blade and physiological variables related to gas exchange were analyzed. Also, the specific leaf area, leaf density, leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic efficiency in the use of leaf nitrogen were calculated.
Results: During spring-summer L. sinense displays a higher photosynthetic assimilation rate and a better photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency. Carboxylation efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, and leaf thickness were 26%, 34%, and 41% higher, respectively, during winter in contrast to spring-summer. During winter an increase in leaf thickness contributed to improved CO2 incorporation during suboptimal conditions for photosynthesis.
Conclusions: Chinese privet undergoes photosynthesis throughout the year and its success as an invasive species in the Yungas forest understory could be attributed at least in part to morpho-anatomical and physiological strategies.Introducción y objetivos: Ligustrum sinense (ligustrina) es una reconocida especie exótica invasora. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los rasgos fisiológicos y anatómicos foliares de renovales de ligustrina que podrían otorgarle ventajas para su establecimiento en un ambiente de sotobosque de la selva de Yungas.
M&M: Este estudio se realizó en el Parque Nacional Aconquija (Tucumán, Argentina). Se evaluaron los rasgos morfo-anatómicas foliares y fisiológicos en un ambiente de sotobosque durante primavera-verano e invierno. Se analizaron las características anatómicas de la lámina foliar y variables fisiológicas relacionadas al intercambio de gases. Además, se calculó el área foliar específica, densidad de hojas, contenido de nitrógeno foliar y eficiencia fotosintética en el uso del nitrógeno foliar.
Resultados: Durante primavera-verano L. sinense muestra una mayor eficiencia fotosintética en el uso del nitrógeno foliar y una mayor asimilación fotosintética en condiciones saturantes. La eficiencia de carboxilación, eficiencia intrínseca del uso del agua y espesor de hoja fueron 26%, 34% y 41% mayores en invierno con relación a primavera-verano. Durante el invierno se registró un aumento en el espesor de la lámina lo que contribuiría a mejorar el intercambio de CO2 en época de condiciones subóptimas para la fotosíntesis.
Conclusiones: La ligustrina fotosintetiza todo el año y su éxito para establecerse en el sotobosque de la selva de Yungas podría explicarse en parte por las estrategias morfo-anatómicas y fisiológicas desplegadas
Insights from experiences comanaging woody invasive alien plants in Argentina
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to a long list of organisations and colleagues who supported our work. In particular, we want to acknowledge the technical team of CONTAIN (IER), Jardín Botánico de Horco Molle, Reserva Experimental de Horco Molle y Parque Sierra de San Javier, Paititi Foundation and E. Zugasti, Secretarías de Investigación y Extensión UNCo Bariloche, S. Seijas (Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi), and Turisur. L. lucidum management was partially funded by the CONTAIN programme under the Newton Latin American Biodiversity Programme (NE/S011641/1), with contributions from NERC (UK) and CONICET 2019-74-APN-DIR#CONICET). P.G.-D. was supported by NE/S011641/1 and 2022GCBCCONTAIN.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Identifying priorities, targets, and actions for the long-term social and ecological management of invasive non-native species
Funding: The research and the workshop (December-2019; Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina) described in this manuscript were funded by the CONTAIN programme under the Latin American Biodiversity Programme as part of the Newton Fund (NE/S011641/1), with contributions from NERC, the Argentine National Scientific & Technical Research Council (CONICET,-2019-74-APN-DIR#CONICET), the Brazilian São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2018/14995-8), and the Chilean Agency for Research and Development (ANID; formerly CONICYT). Acknowledgments Thanks to the colleagues who replied to our informal questions about the usefulness of the methods and procedures described here. This informal survey of colleagues to obtain an initial critical evaluation was aligned with the policies relevant to the authors who contacted the participants. No one else had access to the responses and identities of the respondents. Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Gobierno de Chile, is one of the CONTAIN project partners, and it is represented by ER in this paper. However, the opinions and results presented in this document are entirely those of ER and may not represent SAG position on the topic. The Associate Editor and two reviewers provided feedback that helped improve a previous version of the manuscript. Open access via Springer compact agreementPeer reviewedPublisher PD
Management policies for invasive alien species: Adressing the impacts rather than the species
Effective long-term management is needed to address the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) that cannot be eradicated. We describe the fundamental characteristics of long-term management policies for IAS, diagnose a major shortcoming, and outline how to produce effective IAS management. Key international and transnational management policies conflate addressing IAS impacts with controlling IAS populations. This serious purpose–implementation gap can preclude the development of broader portfolios of interventions to tackle IAS impacts. We posit that IAS management strategies should directly address impacts via impact-based interventions, and we propose six criteria to inform the choice of these interventions. We review examples of interventions focused on tackling IAS impacts, including IAS control, which reveal the range of interventions available and their varying effectiveness in counteracting IAS impacts. As the impacts caused by IAS increase globally, stakeholders need to have access to a broader and more effective set of tools to respond.Fil: García Díaz, Pablo. University of Aberdeen; Reino UnidoFil: Cassey, Philip. University of Adelaide; AustraliaFil: Norbury, Grant. Crown Research Institutes. Landcare Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Lambin, Xavier. University of Aberdeen; Reino UnidoFil: Montti, Lia Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Pizarro, J. Cristóbal. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Powell, Priscila Ana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Burslem, David F. R. P.. University of Aberdeen; Reino UnidoFil: Cava, Mário. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Damasceno, Gabriella. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Fasola, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Asociación Ornitológica del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fidelis, Alessandra. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Huerta, Magdalena F.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Langdon, Bárbara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; ArgentinaFil: Linardaki, Eirini. University of Aberdeen; Reino UnidoFil: Moyano, Jaime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez, Martin Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; ArgentinaFil: Pauchard, Aníbal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; ArgentinaFil: Phimister, Euan. University of Aberdeen; Reino UnidoFil: Raffo, Eduardo. Gobierno de Chile. Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero; ChileFil: Roesler, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Jorquera, Ignacio. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Tomasevic, Jorge A.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile. Universidad de Concepción; Chil
Biological and environmental effects on fine-scale seed dispersal of an invasive tree in a secondary subtropical forest
Dispersal abilities of invading species emerge from the interaction between the species and some features of the target community. Ligustrum lucidum is a tree species invading different ecosystems. Major spatial patterns of Ligustrum invasions and their ecological consequences have been analyzed, but no study addressed the dispersal process at a fine scale, assessing the effects of different biological and environmental factors. Ligustrum lucidum is an ornithochoric species. The structure of the environment determines bird movements and thus affects seed dispersal. We used inverse modeling to analyze bird-mediated dispersal of L. lucidum seeds in a secondary Yungas forest and surrounding crop-fields. We assessed the effects of egestion mode (regurgitation and defecation) and tree density (as an environment character) on seed dispersal. Seed dispersal presented different spatial patterns depending on the egestion mode. Tree density was positively associated with the number of regurgitated dispersed seeds and negatively associated with the number of defecated dispersed seeds. In both cases, dispersal distance increased in open areas, but absence of perches inhibited seed arrival. Thus, spread of L. lucidum is facilitated in open areas with some trees; inside the native forest, short distance dispersal facilitates the gradual invasion by this exotic species. Our results suggest that processes like crop abandonment and forest succession, which are active in subtropical montane systems, may facilitate L. lucidum invasion. Our seed dispersal models should be combined with actual distribution maps of L. lucidum to identify areas vulnerable to new invasions.Fil: Powell, Priscila Ana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Cátedra de Ecología General; ArgentinaFil: Aráoz, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentin
Vegetation productivity trends in response to urban dynamics
Urbanization is a global phenomenon with still unknown consequences for vegetation dynamics of urban ecosystems, especially in subtropical areas of developing countries. In this paper we analyze the vegetation productivity trend associated to urban densification and urban expansion during the last decade, in twelve cities of northern Argentina. We used time series analysis of MODIS-NDVI images to reconstruct the phenological patterns to retrieve a productivity trend under three spatial classes of urban dynamics: (1) urban, (2) expansion and (3) periphery. Our results show that trends in vegetation productivity are more associated to the environmental characteristics (basal productivity and climate) than to the land cover class. The average trend in productivity in urban areas ranged between -2.54% year-1 (Metán) and -0.22% year-1 (Concepción). In contrast, the range was much tighter between classes; it was -1.37% year-1 in urban areas and -1.21% in the periphery. In this sense we found significant differences between cities, but no significant differences were observed between classes. Urban growth and urban expansion patterns found in our study suggest the system dynamics is dominated by sprawl patterns rather than by a homogeneous densification. Related to this phenomenon, our results dismissed the idea of urban expansion as the main factor affecting vegetation phenology and supported the hypothesis of regional warming as an explanation for the decrease in vegetation productivity, probably due to the decrease of water balance in arid regions.Fil: Paolini, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Aráoz, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Gioia, Antonela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; ArgentinaFil: Powell, Priscila Ana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Argentin
Decoupling of the urban vegetation productivity from climate
Urbanization is causing profound alterations of ecosystem functions at local and regional scales. The need to maximize ecosystem services to improve the livability of cities is resulting in intensive management of urban vegetation, which is likely generating new conditions for the ecosystem functioning. In this paper, we address the association between vegetation functioning (i.e., primary productivity) and climate in urban and adjacent non-urban areas in Auckland, New Zealand. We used time series analysis of integrated vegetation indices derived from satellite images (MODIS) to estimate a proxy of primary productivity of urban and non-urban vegetation. We analyzed the interannual variability of vegetation productivity in relation to climate fluctuations. In Auckland?s urban area the variability of primary productivity was not associated with any of the climatic variables considered, while in the non-urban area (i.e. reference area) vegetation productivity was strongly associated with cumulative rainfall during the growing season. Our results suggest that the productivity of urban vegetation may be undergoing a decoupling from the regional climate. If a decoupling of ecosystem functions from climate becomes a general pattern in urban areas it could have significant effects on urban vegetation planning and management. In a context of increased variability, urban ecosystems could constitute stable habitats and they will probably contribute to the viability of vulnerable populations.Fil: Paolini, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. University of Auckland; Nueva ZelandaFil: Schwendenmann, Luitgard. The University Of Auckland. Faculty Of Science; Nueva ZelandaFil: Aráoz, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Powell, Priscila Ana. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentin